Benner's Model
Novice, Advanced beginner, Competency/Proficiency, Expert
Stages of Learning
Unconscious incompetency, Conscious incompetency, Conscious competency,
Unconscious competency
Attunement
reactive to the emotional needs and moods of others
Egocentrism
unable to view from others' perspectives
Minimizing
downplaying significance of event
Neuroplasticity
changes in brain wiring, ability to change throughout life
Nurturing
putting needs of others before own
Overdeterminism
a single effect has multiple causes, any of which could have caused the effect on their
own
Reframing
seeing a thing from a new outlook or restating it from another perspective
Resilience
ability to adapt or rebound quickly
Biomedical holistic model
aimed toward healing of whole person rather than merely curing symptoms
Adaptive information processing model
There is an innnate self-healing quality in the brain that strives to regulate its internal
environment to survive and to maintain stability - EMDR is an example
Diathesis-stress model
, mental & physical disorders develop from genetic or bio predisposition combined
w/stress
Acetylcholine
Memory & cognition, too little causes impairments, too much is assc w/Alzheimer's
Cortisol
Stress hormone
Dopamine
Motor action & reward system, too much may effect mood, motor function, & frontal lobe
function, too little may result in Parkinson's
Gaba
Inhibitory, helps to "chill out", too little is assc w/anxiety d/o's
Glutamate
excitatory, involved in brain development, too much may be toxic to cells
Acting out
avoiding conscious experience of emotion through impulsive actions
Denial
avoiding reality or refusing to acknowledge it
Hypochondria
exaggerating an illness arising from unacceptable feelings
Introjection
internalizing the qualities of the other
Isolation
an unconscious separation of an unacceptable act or idea from its memory - removes
any emotional associated from the memory which means it can no longer trigger anxiety
Regression
returning to an earlier level of development
Repression
thought to be the basis of all other defenses and involves withholding from
consciousness an idea or feeling that is unacceptable
Closed-ended question
"How many drinks did you have?"