TEST BANK
SPORTS NUTRITION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
2ND EDITION
CHAPTER NO. 01: CARBOHYDRATES
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.Which type of monosaccharide do body cells use for energy?
A. Fructose
B. Glucose
C. Galactose
D. Lactose
ANS: B
Rationale: Lactose is a disaccharide, and fructose and galactose must be converted to glucose for the cells to
use for energy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1
KEY: monosaccharide | glucose | energy sources
2.In what form does the body store carbohydrates?
A. Glycogen
B. Fat
C. Cellulite
D. Amylopectin
ANS: A
Rationale: The body stores carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 | 1-4 KEY: glycogen | carbohydrate storage
3.Which of the following is a naturally occurring, plant-based, noncaloric sweetener?
A. Stevia
B. Sorbitol
C. Saccharin
D. Neotame
ANS: A
Rationale: The stevia plant produces a noncaloric, all-natural sweetener.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 KEY: stevia | noncaloric sweeteners
,4.Which type of carbohydrate is structurally composed of a chain of three to ten simple sugars?
A. Amylose
B. Galactose
C. Amylopectin
D. Oligosaccharide
ANS: D
Rationale: Oligosaccharides are chains of three to ten monosaccharides. Amylose and amylopectin are
examples of polysaccharide starches, and galactose is a monosaccharide.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-2 KEY: oligosaccharide
5.Which type of starch is easily digested?
A. Amylose
B. Amylopectin
C. Cellulose
D. Glycogen
ANS: B
Rationale: Amylose is resistant to digestion. Cellulose is a basically indigestible fiber, and glycogen is not a
form of starch.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-2 KEY: starch | carbohydrate structure
6.What deficiency will cause the painful gastrointestinal symptoms associated with lactose intolerance?
A. Alpha-dextrinase deficiency
B. Pancreatic amylase deficiency
C. Lactase deficiency
D. Trehelase deficiency
ANS: C
Rationale: The enzyme lactase is responsible for breaking lactose into its component parts. The inability to
break down lactose results in painful gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea,
and flatulence.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-4
KEY: lactose intolerance | carbohydrate digestion
7.Approximately how many grams of glycogen can the body store for energy use?
A. 90 g
B. 150 g
C. 240 g
D. 500 g
ANS: C
, Rationale: The body can store approximately 240 g of glycogen (90 g in the liver and 150 g in the muscles).
Any additional glucose not needed for normal body activity is converted to fat for storage.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-4 KEY: glycogen | carbohydrate storage
8.What organ produces the enzymes responsible for maintaining blood sugar levels within normal limits?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
ANS: A
Rationale: Insulin and glucagon, the hormones responsible for regulating blood sugar, are produced in the
pancreas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-5 KEY: blood sugar
9.According to acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs), how many grams of carbohydrates should be
consumed daily by an athlete consuming a 3,000-calorie diet?
A. 130 to 200 g/day
B. 225 to 325 g/day
C. 338 to 488 g/day
D. 500 to 650 g/day
ANS: C
Rationale: AMDR is 45% to 65% of calories from carbohydrates. For an individual consuming a
3,000-calorie diet, that is 1,350 to 1,950 calories. Carbohydrates carry 4 cal/g.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1-5
KEY:recommended intake | AMDR | acceptable macronutrient distribution rang
10.What is the glycemic load (GL) of a small orange (15 g carbohydrates [CHO]) with a glycemic index (GI) of 40?
A. 2.2
B. 4.5
C. 6
D. 8.25
ANS: C
Rationale: GL = (GI × g CHO)/100; GL = (40 × 15 g CHO)/100; GL = 6
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1-6 KEY: glycemic load
11.What is the best way for an athlete to spare protein and avoid gluconeogenesis?
A. Limit glycogen stores.
B. Consume only water during training sessions in excess of 45 min in duration.
, C. Consume high amounts of fiber on training days.
D. Consume adequate carbohydrates to fuel performance.
ANS: D
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis occurs when there is limited glucose or glycogen available as an energy source.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-8 KEY: gluconeogenesis
12.What type of bond joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Glucogenic bond
C. Carbon double bond
D. Glycerol bond
ANS: A
Rationale: Glycosidic bonds connect monosaccharides together to form the other types of carbohydrate
chains.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 KEY: glycosidic bond
13.Which of the following is a benefit attributed to fructooligosaccharides that are found naturally in some fruits and
vegetable and are commercially produced as reduced-calorie sweeteners?
A. Increased triglyceride levels
B. Relief of constipation
C. Decreased glycogen storage
D. Increased amino acid production
ANS: B
Rationale: Fructooligosaccharide use has been associated with constipation relief, improved triglyceride
levels, and decreased production of foul-smelling digestive by-products.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-1 KEY: fructooligosaccharides
14.Which enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion?
A. Pancreatic amylase
B. Insulin
C. Salivary amylase
D. Glucagon
ANS: C
Rationale: Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth when salivary amylase breaks large
polysaccharides into oligosaccharides and disaccharides.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-4
KEY:salivary amylase | carbohydrate digestion
SPORTS NUTRITION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
2ND EDITION
CHAPTER NO. 01: CARBOHYDRATES
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.Which type of monosaccharide do body cells use for energy?
A. Fructose
B. Glucose
C. Galactose
D. Lactose
ANS: B
Rationale: Lactose is a disaccharide, and fructose and galactose must be converted to glucose for the cells to
use for energy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1
KEY: monosaccharide | glucose | energy sources
2.In what form does the body store carbohydrates?
A. Glycogen
B. Fat
C. Cellulite
D. Amylopectin
ANS: A
Rationale: The body stores carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 | 1-4 KEY: glycogen | carbohydrate storage
3.Which of the following is a naturally occurring, plant-based, noncaloric sweetener?
A. Stevia
B. Sorbitol
C. Saccharin
D. Neotame
ANS: A
Rationale: The stevia plant produces a noncaloric, all-natural sweetener.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 KEY: stevia | noncaloric sweeteners
,4.Which type of carbohydrate is structurally composed of a chain of three to ten simple sugars?
A. Amylose
B. Galactose
C. Amylopectin
D. Oligosaccharide
ANS: D
Rationale: Oligosaccharides are chains of three to ten monosaccharides. Amylose and amylopectin are
examples of polysaccharide starches, and galactose is a monosaccharide.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-2 KEY: oligosaccharide
5.Which type of starch is easily digested?
A. Amylose
B. Amylopectin
C. Cellulose
D. Glycogen
ANS: B
Rationale: Amylose is resistant to digestion. Cellulose is a basically indigestible fiber, and glycogen is not a
form of starch.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-2 KEY: starch | carbohydrate structure
6.What deficiency will cause the painful gastrointestinal symptoms associated with lactose intolerance?
A. Alpha-dextrinase deficiency
B. Pancreatic amylase deficiency
C. Lactase deficiency
D. Trehelase deficiency
ANS: C
Rationale: The enzyme lactase is responsible for breaking lactose into its component parts. The inability to
break down lactose results in painful gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea,
and flatulence.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-4
KEY: lactose intolerance | carbohydrate digestion
7.Approximately how many grams of glycogen can the body store for energy use?
A. 90 g
B. 150 g
C. 240 g
D. 500 g
ANS: C
, Rationale: The body can store approximately 240 g of glycogen (90 g in the liver and 150 g in the muscles).
Any additional glucose not needed for normal body activity is converted to fat for storage.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-4 KEY: glycogen | carbohydrate storage
8.What organ produces the enzymes responsible for maintaining blood sugar levels within normal limits?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
ANS: A
Rationale: Insulin and glucagon, the hormones responsible for regulating blood sugar, are produced in the
pancreas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-5 KEY: blood sugar
9.According to acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs), how many grams of carbohydrates should be
consumed daily by an athlete consuming a 3,000-calorie diet?
A. 130 to 200 g/day
B. 225 to 325 g/day
C. 338 to 488 g/day
D. 500 to 650 g/day
ANS: C
Rationale: AMDR is 45% to 65% of calories from carbohydrates. For an individual consuming a
3,000-calorie diet, that is 1,350 to 1,950 calories. Carbohydrates carry 4 cal/g.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1-5
KEY:recommended intake | AMDR | acceptable macronutrient distribution rang
10.What is the glycemic load (GL) of a small orange (15 g carbohydrates [CHO]) with a glycemic index (GI) of 40?
A. 2.2
B. 4.5
C. 6
D. 8.25
ANS: C
Rationale: GL = (GI × g CHO)/100; GL = (40 × 15 g CHO)/100; GL = 6
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1-6 KEY: glycemic load
11.What is the best way for an athlete to spare protein and avoid gluconeogenesis?
A. Limit glycogen stores.
B. Consume only water during training sessions in excess of 45 min in duration.
, C. Consume high amounts of fiber on training days.
D. Consume adequate carbohydrates to fuel performance.
ANS: D
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis occurs when there is limited glucose or glycogen available as an energy source.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-8 KEY: gluconeogenesis
12.What type of bond joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Glucogenic bond
C. Carbon double bond
D. Glycerol bond
ANS: A
Rationale: Glycosidic bonds connect monosaccharides together to form the other types of carbohydrate
chains.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-1 KEY: glycosidic bond
13.Which of the following is a benefit attributed to fructooligosaccharides that are found naturally in some fruits and
vegetable and are commercially produced as reduced-calorie sweeteners?
A. Increased triglyceride levels
B. Relief of constipation
C. Decreased glycogen storage
D. Increased amino acid production
ANS: B
Rationale: Fructooligosaccharide use has been associated with constipation relief, improved triglyceride
levels, and decreased production of foul-smelling digestive by-products.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1-1 KEY: fructooligosaccharides
14.Which enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion?
A. Pancreatic amylase
B. Insulin
C. Salivary amylase
D. Glucagon
ANS: C
Rationale: Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth when salivary amylase breaks large
polysaccharides into oligosaccharides and disaccharides.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 1-4
KEY:salivary amylase | carbohydrate digestion
