LATEST PATHO 370 EXAM: A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:
A. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin.
B. There is a high rejection rate.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same
patient.
D. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
In autologous transplantation, the stem cells are collected from the patient's own blood
and then stored and reinfused in the same patient after chemotherapy and radiation.
The use of autologous transplants eliminates the problem of graft-versus-host disease.
Transplant from a closely matched donor is known as allogeneic transplant. In
autologous transplant, stem cells are used from the patient's own blood.
Emesis causes:
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the respiratory
system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an alkalotic
disruption.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
A. Peripheral edema.
B. Redness and swelling.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
,Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to an
extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the development of
compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates pallor in the affected
extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and could result in profound
ischemia in the involved limb.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of
intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely
cause of this pain is:
A. Unstable angina.
B. Coronary vasospasm.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina.
D. Stable angina.
Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by pain that
is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as physical exertion
or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is not relieved by rest.
Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable attacks of angina pain. A patient
with unstable angina presents with symptoms similar to myocardial infarction.
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of
accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in
many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be
started immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are
closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started
immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then
check to see that your stethoscope is working properly.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed,
so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may occlude
small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires emergency
intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia. Asthma can occur
, without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that requires you to start oxygen and
notify the physician.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of:
A. Destruction of alveolar septa.
B. Reduced inflammation.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest.
C. Recurrent infection.
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent
infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not complications
of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock.
C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient,
because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of the
disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated with
leukemic disease. There is no direct connection between kidney failure and death in
leukemia, although kidney failure may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria."
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:
A. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin.
B. There is a high rejection rate.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same
patient.
D. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
In autologous transplantation, the stem cells are collected from the patient's own blood
and then stored and reinfused in the same patient after chemotherapy and radiation.
The use of autologous transplants eliminates the problem of graft-versus-host disease.
Transplant from a closely matched donor is known as allogeneic transplant. In
autologous transplant, stem cells are used from the patient's own blood.
Emesis causes:
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the respiratory
system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an alkalotic
disruption.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
A. Peripheral edema.
B. Redness and swelling.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
,Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to an
extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the development of
compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates pallor in the affected
extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and could result in profound
ischemia in the involved limb.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of
intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely
cause of this pain is:
A. Unstable angina.
B. Coronary vasospasm.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina.
D. Stable angina.
Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by pain that
is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as physical exertion
or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is not relieved by rest.
Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable attacks of angina pain. A patient
with unstable angina presents with symptoms similar to myocardial infarction.
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of
accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in
many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be
started immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are
closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started
immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then
check to see that your stethoscope is working properly.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed,
so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may occlude
small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires emergency
intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia. Asthma can occur
, without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that requires you to start oxygen and
notify the physician.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of:
A. Destruction of alveolar septa.
B. Reduced inflammation.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest.
C. Recurrent infection.
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent
infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not complications
of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock.
C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient,
because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of the
disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated with
leukemic disease. There is no direct connection between kidney failure and death in
leukemia, although kidney failure may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria."
