LATEST PATHO 370 EXAM: A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

LATEST PATHO 370 EXAM: A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Carbon monoxide Injures cells by reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin Malignant neoplasms Epithelial origin known as carcinomas Staging procedure Determines extent of tumor spread Proto-oncogenes Normal cellular genes promoting growth Familial retinoblastoma Involves transmission of mutant tumor-suppressor gene Necrotic brain tissue Produces liquefactive necrosis Aging effect Decreased functional reserve on body systems Preneoplastic change Dysplasia, considered cellular Hypermetabolic state Leads to cachexia due to tumor necrosis factor Paraneoplastic syndromes Involve excessive substance production in cancer Tumor-suppressor gene defect Most common in cancer cells is P53 Intracellular accumulations Indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism Retroviruses Associated with human cancers like Burkitt lymphoma Breast cancer gene Causes earlier onset of breast cancer in women Lung cancer survival rate Approximately 15% survival rate Nutrition and cellular health Deficient uptake by one cell type may lead to excess delivery to others Cancer grading Based on cell differentiation Metaplasia Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another Differentiated cancer cells Less tissue-specific are more likely aggressive Chemotherapy after surgery Kills rapidly dividing cells Apoptosis Results in cellular death Alarm stage substances Produced for energy and repair Excessive cortisol effects Include immune suppression Selye's stress phases Include alarm, resistance, and exhaustion Extreme cold cell injury Causes harm except decreased blood viscosity Subclinical stage Patient functions normally with established disease processes Obese teen prescription Example of secondary prevention with diet and exercise Insulin stress response Not normally secreted in response to stress Heart attack medication Example of tertiary prevention for cholesterol management Organ hypertrophy Increase in size and function due to increased workload Reperfusion injury Involves formation of free radicals Sympathetic nervous system Mediates stress responses via norepinephrine Coagulative necrosis Caused by interrupted blood supply Meningococcal meningitis stage Latent stage before symptoms appear Stress on immune system May enhance or impair immune function High stress indicators Include all except pupil constriction Irreversible cellular responses All except necrosis are reversible Somatic death Refers to death of the entire organism Alarm stage persistence Leads to permanent damage and death Radiation injury susceptibility DNA is the most susceptible cellular component Lung cancer development Linked to cigarette smoking in the given patient Primary bronchial carcinoma Diagnosed after bronchoscopy and histologic examination Streptococcal infection Etiology of C.Q.'s disease after exposure Stress-induced hormones Increase blood glucose except aldosterone Endemic disease Native to a particular region Allostasis definition