PCCN EXAM 3 Questions and Answers Latest Versions 2025 GRADED A+

PCCN EXAM 3 Questions and
Answers Latest Versions 2025
GRADED A+

2. What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in
order to eject blood into the circulatory system (Answer) Afterload






,3. What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle: Contractility

(how well the heart is contracted)



4. Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system (Answer)
VEINS


FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD


5. What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by (Answer) CVP
(Centralvenous pressure)


(Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg)


6. What is a normal central venous pressure (Answer) Approximately 2 - 8
mmhg



7. What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by (Answer) PAOP
(Pulmonaryartery occlusion pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedge pressure


-Swans ganns in placed wedge pressure (PA)






, 8. What are the signs and symptoms of an altered preload (Answer) 1.
Dehydration(decreased preload)
2. Fluid overload (increased preload)


18. What are some causes of a low preload (Answer) 1. Hemorrhage
2. Dehydration
3. Burns
4. Over-diuresis
5. Third spacing (fluid moving into spaces they shouldn't be)


19. What are some causes of high preload (Answer) 1. Hypervolemia
2. Heart failure
3. Renal failure
4. Pulmonary HTN
5. Tamponade
6. Tension pneumothorax


(most likely seen in right ventricle preload)


20. What are the venous dilating drugs (Answer) 1. NITRO (given to drop
preload)
2. ACE I/ARB
3. Ca-Channel blocker