LMIE
BIOCHEMISTRY
According to
2025 (course 311)
For
KARACHI UNIVERSITY
, LMIE
PREFACE
Welcome to LMIE ( Let's Make It Easy ), where simplicity meets
excellence. As the founder of this initiative, I have always
believed in finding innovative ways to make challenging
concepts and tasks easier to understand and execute. Driven
by my philosophy, "If it's raining, then fly over the clouds,"
this organization aims to inspire perseverance and creative
thinking even in the face of difficulties.
These notes are designed to provide a clear and
comprehensive understanding of complex topics in an
accessible manner.
Thank you for choosing LMIE as your guide on this learning
journey. Together, let's make it easy!
Ali Akif
Founder, LMIE
Student & Advocate of Simplicity
, LMIE
1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY :
Biochemistry as chemical and biological science.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.
Distribution of Biomolecules in cells.
2. MATRIX OF LIFE: WEAK INTERACTION IN AN
AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT :
Introduction to the nature of non covalent interactions.
The role of water in biological processes - ionic Equilibria: pH, buffer,
Buffering of Blood, Requirements of Biological Buffers, Acids and Bases,
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation.
3. MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF LIVING MATTER:
BIOMOLECULE
a. Amina Acids:
Nomenclature, Classification and Characteristics.
Acid-Base Properties, Optical Activity and Chirality.
Peptide Bonds.
b. Structure and function of Proteins:
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of Proteins.
Classification of Proteins on Functional Basis, compositional basis and
difference in Three Dimensional Structure.
Functions of Protein with Special reference to Haemoglobin and Myoglobin.
c. Nucleic Acids:
Purine and Pyrimidine Bases
Nucleosides and Nucleotides.
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Structure of Nucleic acid.
d. Carbohydrates and their Derivatives:
Classification, Configuration and Conformation.
Monosaccharides and Related Compounds.
Glycosidic Bonds.
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Sugar Derivatives.
Glycoproteins.
BIOCHEMISTRY
According to
2025 (course 311)
For
KARACHI UNIVERSITY
, LMIE
PREFACE
Welcome to LMIE ( Let's Make It Easy ), where simplicity meets
excellence. As the founder of this initiative, I have always
believed in finding innovative ways to make challenging
concepts and tasks easier to understand and execute. Driven
by my philosophy, "If it's raining, then fly over the clouds,"
this organization aims to inspire perseverance and creative
thinking even in the face of difficulties.
These notes are designed to provide a clear and
comprehensive understanding of complex topics in an
accessible manner.
Thank you for choosing LMIE as your guide on this learning
journey. Together, let's make it easy!
Ali Akif
Founder, LMIE
Student & Advocate of Simplicity
, LMIE
1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY :
Biochemistry as chemical and biological science.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.
Distribution of Biomolecules in cells.
2. MATRIX OF LIFE: WEAK INTERACTION IN AN
AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT :
Introduction to the nature of non covalent interactions.
The role of water in biological processes - ionic Equilibria: pH, buffer,
Buffering of Blood, Requirements of Biological Buffers, Acids and Bases,
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation.
3. MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF LIVING MATTER:
BIOMOLECULE
a. Amina Acids:
Nomenclature, Classification and Characteristics.
Acid-Base Properties, Optical Activity and Chirality.
Peptide Bonds.
b. Structure and function of Proteins:
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of Proteins.
Classification of Proteins on Functional Basis, compositional basis and
difference in Three Dimensional Structure.
Functions of Protein with Special reference to Haemoglobin and Myoglobin.
c. Nucleic Acids:
Purine and Pyrimidine Bases
Nucleosides and Nucleotides.
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Structure of Nucleic acid.
d. Carbohydrates and their Derivatives:
Classification, Configuration and Conformation.
Monosaccharides and Related Compounds.
Glycosidic Bonds.
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Sugar Derivatives.
Glycoproteins.
