Biology Major Field Test Study Set
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
what is the general fatty acid formula - ✔✔CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n=
an even number between 12 and 24
glycerides - ✔✔glycerol and 3 fatty acids
nucleotide is composed of - ✔✔phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Vmax - ✔✔maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
Competitive Inhibition - ✔✔molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - ✔✔chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,psuedoirreversible inhibitors - ✔✔extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
noncompetitive inhibitors - ✔✔do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
electron transport chain - ✔✔series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that
pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - ✔✔the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of
protons down the gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - ✔✔glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the
Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, occluding/tight junctions - ✔✔nothing can diffuse between cells or past
junction
anchoring junctions - ✔✔physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions - ✔✔gap junctions are formed by proteins called
connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission
plasmodesmata - ✔✔plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions
G-actin - ✔✔globular monomer
F-actin - ✔✔long filament
microtubules - ✔✔cellular conveyor belts
microtubule assoc. proteins - ✔✔attach to tubulin on one end and cargo on
the other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"
9+2 structure - ✔✔9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central microtubules
for stability (structure of cilia&flagella)
basal bodies - ✔✔microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella; foundation for
new microtubules
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
what is the general fatty acid formula - ✔✔CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n=
an even number between 12 and 24
glycerides - ✔✔glycerol and 3 fatty acids
nucleotide is composed of - ✔✔phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Vmax - ✔✔maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
Competitive Inhibition - ✔✔molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - ✔✔chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,psuedoirreversible inhibitors - ✔✔extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
noncompetitive inhibitors - ✔✔do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
electron transport chain - ✔✔series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that
pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - ✔✔the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of
protons down the gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - ✔✔glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the
Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, occluding/tight junctions - ✔✔nothing can diffuse between cells or past
junction
anchoring junctions - ✔✔physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions - ✔✔gap junctions are formed by proteins called
connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission
plasmodesmata - ✔✔plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions
G-actin - ✔✔globular monomer
F-actin - ✔✔long filament
microtubules - ✔✔cellular conveyor belts
microtubule assoc. proteins - ✔✔attach to tubulin on one end and cargo on
the other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"
9+2 structure - ✔✔9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central microtubules
for stability (structure of cilia&flagella)
basal bodies - ✔✔microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella; foundation for
new microtubules
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
