DEP2004 Exam 1. Chapters 1-6
CHAPTER 1 - answer
development - answer maternal and paternal caregiving activities
normative age-graded influences - answer similar for individuals in a particular age
group
Ex: beginning formal education, retiring form the workforce
nonnormative life events - answer unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the
lives of individual people
Ex: parent dying when young
prenatal period - answer conception to birth
infancy - answer18-24 months, extreme dependence on adults, psychological activities
beginning
toddler - answer18 months to 3 years
early childhood - answer3-5 years, preschool years, more self-sufficient, school
readiness skills, playing
middle and late childhood - answer6-11 years, elementary school years, master
fundamental school skills, formally exposed to larger world and culture
adolescence - answer11-20 years, puberty, pursuit of independence and identity
early adulthood - answer20s-30s, establishing personal and economic independence,
career, selecting mate, starting family
middle adulthood - answer40-60 years, expanding personal social involvement and
responsibility, raising next generation, satisfaction and career
late adulthood - answer60s - death, life review, retirement, diminishing strength and
health
nature - answeran organism's biological inheritance
nurture - answeran organism's environmental experiences
, Erickson's psychosocial theory - answerstage theory of psychosocial development,
lifespan consists of eight dilemmas that must be solved correctly in order to solve the
next dilemma
trust vs. mistrust - answerinfancy (year 1)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt - answerinfancy (1-3 years)
initiative vs. guilt - answerearly childhood
industry vs. inferiority - answermiddle and late childhood
identity vs. identity confusion - answeradolescence
intimacy vs. isolation - answerearly adulthood
generativity vs. stagnation - answermiddle adulthood
integrity vs. despair - answerlate adulthood
Piaget's theory - answerchildren go through 4 stages of cognitive development as they
actively construct their understanding of the world
sensorimotor stage - answerbirth to 2 years, coordinating sensory experiences with
physical, motoric actions
preoperational stage - answer2-7 years, represent the world with words, images, and
drawings
concrete operational stage - answer7-11 years, perform operations that involve objects,
reason logically when applied to specific or concrete examples
formal operational stage - answer11 years - adulthood, think in abstract and more
logical terms, develop images of ideal circumstances
Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory - answeremphasizes how culture and social interaction
guide cognitive development, child's development inseperable from social and cultural
activities
Skinner's operant conditioning - answerthe consequences of a behavior produce
changes in the probability of the behavior's occurrence, rewards and punishments
shape development
observational learning - answerimitation or modeling, learning that occurs through
observing what others do
CHAPTER 1 - answer
development - answer maternal and paternal caregiving activities
normative age-graded influences - answer similar for individuals in a particular age
group
Ex: beginning formal education, retiring form the workforce
nonnormative life events - answer unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the
lives of individual people
Ex: parent dying when young
prenatal period - answer conception to birth
infancy - answer18-24 months, extreme dependence on adults, psychological activities
beginning
toddler - answer18 months to 3 years
early childhood - answer3-5 years, preschool years, more self-sufficient, school
readiness skills, playing
middle and late childhood - answer6-11 years, elementary school years, master
fundamental school skills, formally exposed to larger world and culture
adolescence - answer11-20 years, puberty, pursuit of independence and identity
early adulthood - answer20s-30s, establishing personal and economic independence,
career, selecting mate, starting family
middle adulthood - answer40-60 years, expanding personal social involvement and
responsibility, raising next generation, satisfaction and career
late adulthood - answer60s - death, life review, retirement, diminishing strength and
health
nature - answeran organism's biological inheritance
nurture - answeran organism's environmental experiences
, Erickson's psychosocial theory - answerstage theory of psychosocial development,
lifespan consists of eight dilemmas that must be solved correctly in order to solve the
next dilemma
trust vs. mistrust - answerinfancy (year 1)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt - answerinfancy (1-3 years)
initiative vs. guilt - answerearly childhood
industry vs. inferiority - answermiddle and late childhood
identity vs. identity confusion - answeradolescence
intimacy vs. isolation - answerearly adulthood
generativity vs. stagnation - answermiddle adulthood
integrity vs. despair - answerlate adulthood
Piaget's theory - answerchildren go through 4 stages of cognitive development as they
actively construct their understanding of the world
sensorimotor stage - answerbirth to 2 years, coordinating sensory experiences with
physical, motoric actions
preoperational stage - answer2-7 years, represent the world with words, images, and
drawings
concrete operational stage - answer7-11 years, perform operations that involve objects,
reason logically when applied to specific or concrete examples
formal operational stage - answer11 years - adulthood, think in abstract and more
logical terms, develop images of ideal circumstances
Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory - answeremphasizes how culture and social interaction
guide cognitive development, child's development inseperable from social and cultural
activities
Skinner's operant conditioning - answerthe consequences of a behavior produce
changes in the probability of the behavior's occurrence, rewards and punishments
shape development
observational learning - answerimitation or modeling, learning that occurs through
observing what others do
