1
Samenvatting Klinische Ontwikkelingspsychologie
Boek en Verdiepende en Aanvullende Colleges
Universiteit Utrecht
2024-2025
[202100061]
, 2
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3 Principles and Practices of Developmental Psychopathology...................................4
Chapter 4 Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment.......................................................................7
4.1: Clinical issues..................................................................................................................7
4.2: Assessing disorders..........................................................................................................8
4.3: Classification and diagnosis..........................................................................................11
4.4: Treatment and prevention..............................................................................................12
Chapter 5 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.......................................................................15
5.1: Intelligence and intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability)..................15
5.2: Features of intellectual developmental disorder............................................................16
5.3: Developmental course and adult outcomes...................................................................17
5.4: Causes............................................................................................................................18
5.5: Prevention, education, and treatment............................................................................19
Chapter 6 ASD and childhood-onset Schizophrenia................................................................21
6.1: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)..................................................................................21
6.2: DSM-5-TR: Defining features of ASD..........................................................................21
6.3: Core behaviors of ASD..................................................................................................22
6.4: Associated characteristics of ASD.................................................................................23
6.5: Prevalence and course of ASD......................................................................................23
6.6: Causes of ASD...............................................................................................................24
6.7: Support and services for ASD.......................................................................................25
Chapter 7 Communication and Learning Disorders.................................................................26
7.1: Definitions and history..................................................................................................26
7.2: Language development..................................................................................................27
7.3: Communication disorders..............................................................................................27
7.4: Specific learning disorder..............................................................................................28
Chapter 8 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).................................................32
8.1: Description and history..................................................................................................32
, 3
8.2: Core characteristics.......................................................................................................32
8.3: Associated characteristics..............................................................................................34
8.4: Accompanying psychological disorders and symptoms................................................35
8.5: Prevalence and course...................................................................................................35
8.6: Theories and causes.......................................................................................................36
8.7: Treatment.......................................................................................................................37
Chapter 9 Conduct Problems....................................................................................................39
9.1: Description of conduct problems...................................................................................39
9.2: Context, costs, and perspectives....................................................................................39
9.3: DSM-5-TR: Defining features.......................................................................................40
9.4: Associated characteristics..............................................................................................41
9.5: Accompanying disorders and symptoms.......................................................................42
9.6: Prevalence, gender, and course......................................................................................42
9.7: Causes............................................................................................................................44
9.8: Treatment and prevention..............................................................................................45
Openingscollege.......................................................................................................................47
VAC 2: Autism spectrum problems.........................................................................................52
VAC 3: Language & communication problem TOS ................................................................54
VAC4: Learning disabilities.....................................................................................................55
VAC 5: Behavioral problems....................................................................................................56
VAC6: Attention problems and hyperactivity ADH(D) ...........................................................57
Knowledge clip: Cognitive behavioural therapy for MID....................................................62
, 4
Chapter 1 Introduction
Psychopathology: intense, frequent, and/or persistent maladaptive patterns of emotions,
cognitions, and behaviors.
Developmental psychopathology: maladaptive patterns occur in the context of typical
development and result in the current and potential impairment of infants, children, and
adolescents. We gain a better understanding of children’s disorders when we think about
those disorders within the context of typical development.
Common descriptions of normality/psychopathology often focus on:
1. Statistical deviance: infrequency of certain emotions, cognitions, and/or behaviors.
2. Sociocultural norms (conforming yes or no).
3. Mental health definitions: theoretical/clinical based notions of distress and
dysfunction.
Developmental epidemiology: focuses on frequencies and patterns of disorders in children.
➔ Frequency is measured by looking at prevalence and incidence (= rate at which new
cases arise).
Chapter 3 Principles and Practices of Developmental
Psychopathology
Understanding children's disorders as delay or dysfunction highlights the difficulties of a
particular child at a particular point in time, providing us with one way of thinking about the
connection between typical and atypical development.
Development is also a process: (mal)adaptation is an ongoing activity.
Developmental pathways: mal- and adjustment are points or places along a lifelong map:
Equifinality: different circumstances lead to the same diagnosis (outcome).
Multifinality: similar beginnings lead to different outcomes.
Remember when thinking about developmental pathways: (1) change is possible at many
points and (2) change is constrained or enabled by previous adaptations.
Transitions and turning points of developmental pathways can be due to internal, intrinsic
factors (onset of puberty) and external factors (divorce, moving). These factors are
associated with potential gains or reversals and tied to the shutting down or opening of
opportunities.
Samenvatting Klinische Ontwikkelingspsychologie
Boek en Verdiepende en Aanvullende Colleges
Universiteit Utrecht
2024-2025
[202100061]
, 2
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3 Principles and Practices of Developmental Psychopathology...................................4
Chapter 4 Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment.......................................................................7
4.1: Clinical issues..................................................................................................................7
4.2: Assessing disorders..........................................................................................................8
4.3: Classification and diagnosis..........................................................................................11
4.4: Treatment and prevention..............................................................................................12
Chapter 5 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.......................................................................15
5.1: Intelligence and intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability)..................15
5.2: Features of intellectual developmental disorder............................................................16
5.3: Developmental course and adult outcomes...................................................................17
5.4: Causes............................................................................................................................18
5.5: Prevention, education, and treatment............................................................................19
Chapter 6 ASD and childhood-onset Schizophrenia................................................................21
6.1: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)..................................................................................21
6.2: DSM-5-TR: Defining features of ASD..........................................................................21
6.3: Core behaviors of ASD..................................................................................................22
6.4: Associated characteristics of ASD.................................................................................23
6.5: Prevalence and course of ASD......................................................................................23
6.6: Causes of ASD...............................................................................................................24
6.7: Support and services for ASD.......................................................................................25
Chapter 7 Communication and Learning Disorders.................................................................26
7.1: Definitions and history..................................................................................................26
7.2: Language development..................................................................................................27
7.3: Communication disorders..............................................................................................27
7.4: Specific learning disorder..............................................................................................28
Chapter 8 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).................................................32
8.1: Description and history..................................................................................................32
, 3
8.2: Core characteristics.......................................................................................................32
8.3: Associated characteristics..............................................................................................34
8.4: Accompanying psychological disorders and symptoms................................................35
8.5: Prevalence and course...................................................................................................35
8.6: Theories and causes.......................................................................................................36
8.7: Treatment.......................................................................................................................37
Chapter 9 Conduct Problems....................................................................................................39
9.1: Description of conduct problems...................................................................................39
9.2: Context, costs, and perspectives....................................................................................39
9.3: DSM-5-TR: Defining features.......................................................................................40
9.4: Associated characteristics..............................................................................................41
9.5: Accompanying disorders and symptoms.......................................................................42
9.6: Prevalence, gender, and course......................................................................................42
9.7: Causes............................................................................................................................44
9.8: Treatment and prevention..............................................................................................45
Openingscollege.......................................................................................................................47
VAC 2: Autism spectrum problems.........................................................................................52
VAC 3: Language & communication problem TOS ................................................................54
VAC4: Learning disabilities.....................................................................................................55
VAC 5: Behavioral problems....................................................................................................56
VAC6: Attention problems and hyperactivity ADH(D) ...........................................................57
Knowledge clip: Cognitive behavioural therapy for MID....................................................62
, 4
Chapter 1 Introduction
Psychopathology: intense, frequent, and/or persistent maladaptive patterns of emotions,
cognitions, and behaviors.
Developmental psychopathology: maladaptive patterns occur in the context of typical
development and result in the current and potential impairment of infants, children, and
adolescents. We gain a better understanding of children’s disorders when we think about
those disorders within the context of typical development.
Common descriptions of normality/psychopathology often focus on:
1. Statistical deviance: infrequency of certain emotions, cognitions, and/or behaviors.
2. Sociocultural norms (conforming yes or no).
3. Mental health definitions: theoretical/clinical based notions of distress and
dysfunction.
Developmental epidemiology: focuses on frequencies and patterns of disorders in children.
➔ Frequency is measured by looking at prevalence and incidence (= rate at which new
cases arise).
Chapter 3 Principles and Practices of Developmental
Psychopathology
Understanding children's disorders as delay or dysfunction highlights the difficulties of a
particular child at a particular point in time, providing us with one way of thinking about the
connection between typical and atypical development.
Development is also a process: (mal)adaptation is an ongoing activity.
Developmental pathways: mal- and adjustment are points or places along a lifelong map:
Equifinality: different circumstances lead to the same diagnosis (outcome).
Multifinality: similar beginnings lead to different outcomes.
Remember when thinking about developmental pathways: (1) change is possible at many
points and (2) change is constrained or enabled by previous adaptations.
Transitions and turning points of developmental pathways can be due to internal, intrinsic
factors (onset of puberty) and external factors (divorce, moving). These factors are
associated with potential gains or reversals and tied to the shutting down or opening of
opportunities.
