BIOL460 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Physiology
Nature Study
Pathophysiology
How physiology is affected by disease or injury
Stages of drug trials
Animal models first, enter clinical trials when proven safe and effective
Phase 1: Testing on healthy humans - can be months to 2 years
Phase 2: Some of population with disorder or disease of interest - months to 2 years
Phase 3: Additional disorders + one of interest - both sexes and many ethnic groups - 1-
4 years - requires FDA approval
Phase 4: Additional uses of drug - Viagra was originally for HTN + angina - variable time
Erasistratus
1st physiologist - aimed to apply physical laws to body function
Galen
Most prominent physiologist
,Harvey
Heart pumps blood through a closed system
Bernard
Internal environment maintains fairly constant conditions while external environment
changes
Cannon
Coined term homeostasis - basis of quantitative measurement
Landsteiner
Different blood types
Adolf von Behring
Coined and discovered antibodies
Pavlov
Physiology of digestion
Langley
Autonomic nervous system function
Banting, Best, and Macleod
Insulin
Von Szent-Gyorgyi
Role of ATP
Crick, Watson, Wilkins, Franklin
Structure of DNA
Homeostasis
Basis for normalcy
, Negative feedback loop
1. Stimulus: change from norm
2. Sensory: alerted by stimulus - sends a message
3. Integrating center: performs additional check - changes from some set point/normal
value - direct response of effectors
4. Effectors: ex. high fever, sweat, temperature drops, shiver - never at a constant value
Causes reaction in opposite direction (takes away)
Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms
Built into organs being regulated
Extrinsic regulatory mechanisms
Regulated by nervous and endocrine systems
Nerves innervate and send electrochemical impulses to target organ (NTs)
Hormones: chemical regulators released into blood - only specific organs respond
Histology
Microscopic study of anatomy - tissues + cells
4 main types of tissue
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
Organs
Anatomical and functional units of body
Systems
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Physiology
Nature Study
Pathophysiology
How physiology is affected by disease or injury
Stages of drug trials
Animal models first, enter clinical trials when proven safe and effective
Phase 1: Testing on healthy humans - can be months to 2 years
Phase 2: Some of population with disorder or disease of interest - months to 2 years
Phase 3: Additional disorders + one of interest - both sexes and many ethnic groups - 1-
4 years - requires FDA approval
Phase 4: Additional uses of drug - Viagra was originally for HTN + angina - variable time
Erasistratus
1st physiologist - aimed to apply physical laws to body function
Galen
Most prominent physiologist
,Harvey
Heart pumps blood through a closed system
Bernard
Internal environment maintains fairly constant conditions while external environment
changes
Cannon
Coined term homeostasis - basis of quantitative measurement
Landsteiner
Different blood types
Adolf von Behring
Coined and discovered antibodies
Pavlov
Physiology of digestion
Langley
Autonomic nervous system function
Banting, Best, and Macleod
Insulin
Von Szent-Gyorgyi
Role of ATP
Crick, Watson, Wilkins, Franklin
Structure of DNA
Homeostasis
Basis for normalcy
, Negative feedback loop
1. Stimulus: change from norm
2. Sensory: alerted by stimulus - sends a message
3. Integrating center: performs additional check - changes from some set point/normal
value - direct response of effectors
4. Effectors: ex. high fever, sweat, temperature drops, shiver - never at a constant value
Causes reaction in opposite direction (takes away)
Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms
Built into organs being regulated
Extrinsic regulatory mechanisms
Regulated by nervous and endocrine systems
Nerves innervate and send electrochemical impulses to target organ (NTs)
Hormones: chemical regulators released into blood - only specific organs respond
Histology
Microscopic study of anatomy - tissues + cells
4 main types of tissue
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
Organs
Anatomical and functional units of body
Systems
