ACING BIOS 255 EXAMS WITH AN A+ QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PLAYBOOK
what are the organs of the immune system?
-Primary: red bone marrow, thymus
-Secondary: lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodes
What is the general function of arteries and veins?
-arteries: carry blood away from the heart
-Veins: carry blood back to the heart
What are the major artery types?
-Conducting (elastic)
-distributing
-resistance
-metarterioles
Conducting or elastic arteries
-elastic fibers some smooth
-functions as a pressure reservoirs
Distributing or muscular
-smooth muscle few elastic
-distribute blood
metarterioles
-small vessels that link arterioles to venules
what is the function of capillaries?
exchange nutrients and gasses vis diffusion
Three major types of capillaries?
-Continuous
-Fenestrated
-Sinusoid
continuous capillaries
-allow passage of solutes
LESS PERMEABLE
, Fenestrated cappilaries
allow passage of small molecules
MEDIUM PERMEABLE
Sinusoid Capillaries
allow proteins, clotting factors, new blood calls to enter circulation
MORE PERMEABLE
Blood volume in veins/ arteries at rest
veins 64%
arteries ~15%
what is the portal system?
blood flow through consecutive capillary networks before heart
3 ways substances can move across capillary walls?
-Diffusion: through capillary wall from high to low gradient
-transcytosis: transport vessels move materials (fatty acids Albumin and some
hormones)
-filtration and reabsorption: fluid filters and pushes out and back in
· What causes filtration and reabsorption within the capillaries?
~If Hydrostatic pressure is greater than colloid osmotic pressure - Filtration occurs
~If Colloid osmotic pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure - Reabsorption occurs
Hydrostatic pressure
Physical force exerted against a surface by a liquid (blood pressure in veins)
Osmotic Pressure
proteins in the blood plasma tries to pull water into circulatory system
how does filtration and reabsorption work?
hydrostatic pressure pushes water out at arterial end and colloid draws water in at
capillary
Factors that effect blood flow back to the heart?
-pressure gradient
-gravity
-skeletal muscle pump
ANSWERS PLAYBOOK
what are the organs of the immune system?
-Primary: red bone marrow, thymus
-Secondary: lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodes
What is the general function of arteries and veins?
-arteries: carry blood away from the heart
-Veins: carry blood back to the heart
What are the major artery types?
-Conducting (elastic)
-distributing
-resistance
-metarterioles
Conducting or elastic arteries
-elastic fibers some smooth
-functions as a pressure reservoirs
Distributing or muscular
-smooth muscle few elastic
-distribute blood
metarterioles
-small vessels that link arterioles to venules
what is the function of capillaries?
exchange nutrients and gasses vis diffusion
Three major types of capillaries?
-Continuous
-Fenestrated
-Sinusoid
continuous capillaries
-allow passage of solutes
LESS PERMEABLE
, Fenestrated cappilaries
allow passage of small molecules
MEDIUM PERMEABLE
Sinusoid Capillaries
allow proteins, clotting factors, new blood calls to enter circulation
MORE PERMEABLE
Blood volume in veins/ arteries at rest
veins 64%
arteries ~15%
what is the portal system?
blood flow through consecutive capillary networks before heart
3 ways substances can move across capillary walls?
-Diffusion: through capillary wall from high to low gradient
-transcytosis: transport vessels move materials (fatty acids Albumin and some
hormones)
-filtration and reabsorption: fluid filters and pushes out and back in
· What causes filtration and reabsorption within the capillaries?
~If Hydrostatic pressure is greater than colloid osmotic pressure - Filtration occurs
~If Colloid osmotic pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure - Reabsorption occurs
Hydrostatic pressure
Physical force exerted against a surface by a liquid (blood pressure in veins)
Osmotic Pressure
proteins in the blood plasma tries to pull water into circulatory system
how does filtration and reabsorption work?
hydrostatic pressure pushes water out at arterial end and colloid draws water in at
capillary
Factors that effect blood flow back to the heart?
-pressure gradient
-gravity
-skeletal muscle pump
