ACING BIOS 255 FINAL EXAM WITH AN A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PLAYBOOK

ACING BIOS 255 FINAL EXAM WITH AN A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PLAYBOOK Define inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) The max. volume of gas that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation Innate immune system description Defense system that is used to attack pathogens Physical barriers: Skin, GI, body hair Adaptive immune system Uses specific antigens to strategically mount an immune response. Uses immunological memory to learn about the threat and enhance the immune response. How does the innate and adaptive immune system work together? The innate system tells the adaptive system when it's time to help mount a defense. Natural Active Immunity production of one's own antibodies or T cells as a result of infection or natural exposure to antigen Natural Passive Immunity acquired by a child through placenta and breast milk Artificial Active Immunity vaccination Artificial Passive Immunity Injection of an antiserum derived from an immune individual Cancer from the right side of the abdomen metastasizing above left shoulder occurs because.. -Thoracic duct drainage, because of this, cancer from the right side of the abdomen CAN metastasize to the left shoulder. Why does the flu shot cause flu-like symptoms? The flu shot is triggering the immune system to produce antibodies and lymphocytes, producing 'Flu-like' symptoms. Function of the spleen Immune surveillance and response in BLOOD. Collects antigens in blood and also degrades old RBCs and damaged RBCs. Pulmonary ventilation movement of air into and out of the lungs External Respiration The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration. Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between cells and the blood Involuntary respiration is controlled by the... Respiratory centers of the upper brain stem - Chemoreceptors detect pH levels in blood and sends signals to the respiratory center of the brain to adjust ventilation rate. How do you calculate Minute Ventilation? tidal volume x respiratory rate How do you calculate MAP? diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure Flow of blood in the heart: Superior and inferior vena cava flows into the Right atrium Right atrium - Right Ventricle Right ventricle - Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins - Left atrium Left atrium - Left ventricle Left ventricle - aorta Function of the lymphatic system Fight disease Rid the body of waste-toxins Carry lipids IgG Immunoglobin TRIGGERS COMPLEMENT SYSTEM Protects against bacteria and viruses VIA: -Phagocytosis -neutralizing toxins Most abundant IgA Immunoglobin Localized protection of mucous membranes against bacteria and viruses Found mainly in sweat, tears, saliva, mucus, breast milk and gastrointestinal secretions. Makes up 10-15% of all antibodies IgM Immunoglobin causes agglutination and lysis of mic and Activates complementrobes Makes up 5-10% of all antibodies in blood; also found in lymph IgD Immunoglobin