ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAMS SECRETS: A ROADMAP TO A+

ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAMS SECRETS: A ROADMAP TO A+ Hexachlorophene (pHisoHex [antiseptic solution] Caution: CNS stimulation if sufficient amts are absorbed through skin or mucous membranes; avoid if pregnant/breastfeeding Auranofin (Ridaura) Indic: slows the progression of rheumatoid arthritis; takes 4-6 months of therapy to achieve therapeutic effect; SE: renal toxicity (less toxic through oral route than IM route), severe blood dyscrasias, GI rxns, Thiazides SE: hyperuricemia (common SE); assess: uric acid levels Simvastatin (Zocor)— SE: muscle weakness/aches; Assess: Creatine Kinase (released w/severe muscle injury) • Amitriptyline (Elavil) [tricyclic antidepressant] SE: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, & confusion • Narcotic (opiate) analgesic SE: papillary constriction, ↓BP, ↓HR, ↓ GI mobility • Antihistamines Indic: allergy-induced symptoms • Mucolytic Indic: ↓ viscosity of mucus plugs making them easier to expel • Antitussive Indic: used to suppress a cough • Decongestant Indic: used to treat nasal congestion • Bulk-forming laxatives (Metamucil) Use: take w/lg amounts of water to prevent a gel-like mass to ↑ constipation • Gentamicin (Garamycin) [aminoglycoside antibiotic]; SE: nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity • Digoxin [cardiac glycoside] that ↓ HR. Interv: assess apical HR for 1 min. Contact DR if HR 60bpm • Lorazepam (ativan) [benzodiazepine]: SE: adbrupt cessation can →seizures RT physical addiction • Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) SE: hepatitis (highest risk for women 35yrs or taking lg doses) • Synergistic effect effect of combined drugs greater than either of drugs alone • Zidovudine (AZT only anti-retroviral drug that reduces maternal-fetal transmission of HIV virus • Psuedoephedrine (Sudafed) increases BP, HR, RR; Contraindication: HTN • Asthma therapy Use: use albuterol (sympathomimetic drug) first to open up airways and allow other inhaled drugs to be dispersed further down the bronchial tree • Acyclovir (Zovirax)— SE: nephrotoxicity (crystallization of drug in nephron→renal tubular obstruction) • Fluoxetine (Prozac) [SSRI]—Teach: effects may not be seen for weeks; Dosage starts at 20mg, can be increased after 2 wks gradually up to 80mg/day divided into 2 doses • Succinylcholine [depolarizing NMBA] common SE: muscular pain/stiffness • Vecuronium (Norcuron) MofA: causes relaxation of muscles & total flaccid paralysis, but does not affect CNS, diminish pain, or consciousness • Tolerance body develops natural resistance to drug effects, need to increase dosage • Addiction physical or psychological need for a drug • Substance abuse inappropriate, excessive, self-admin of drug for non-medical purposes • Tissue dependence--- occurs when actual changes in cells, secondary to physical addition causes body to need the drug for homeostasis • Antidysrhythmic agents— alter the dysfunction in the electrical system of the heart. • Prednisone (Deltasone) [corticosteroid] suppresses endogenous cortisol production, so abrupt stopping of drug can result in acute adrenal insufficiency can occur • Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) type of hormonal antineoplastic agent: anti-estrogen • Aluminum hydroxide (amphojel) long term use SE: constipation (antiacids w/Mg alone cause diarrhea; Often Al & Mg are combined to balance their side effects) • Corticosteroids can interfere with effect of a vaccine since they depress the immune system and can interfere with body's ability to produce antibodies • Furosemide (lasix)— used for treatment of HTN in clients with renal dysfunction • Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an osmotic diuretic and is not used in the treatment of HTN • Triaterene/hydrochlorthiazide (maxzide)— a thiazide diuretic that is ineffective when ureine output is low or renal dysfnx is present • Levothyroxine (synthroid)— overdose s/s: those that mimic hyperthyroidism: tremor & wt loss ; undermedicated s/s: cold,dry,scaly skin; depression; slow cognitive ability • Liver & kidney disease causes increase in length of duration of action of medication • Dopamine (Intropin)—