BCHM 4360 EXAM CHAPTER 8 230 QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANWERS LATEST 2025
transcription
DNA to RNA
Nobel Prize winner for transcription
Roger Kornberg
the information stored in _______ is used to make a functional protein or RNA
molecule
DNA
the information stored in DNA is used to make a functional _____ or _____
molecule
protein; RNA
transcription is the copying of one strand of _____ (the coding strand) into an
_____ molecule (a transcript)
DNA; RNA
to produce a protein from an RNA molecule, the RNA sequence is read by the
___________ - this process is ________
ribosome; translation
What type of RNA is made during transcription?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
DNA is transcribed into RNA by
RNA polymerase
,RNA polymerase copies the _______ strand of DNA by using the ________ strand
(the ________ or ___-______ strand)
coding; complementary; template; non-coding
RNA polymerase separates _____ _____ and allows ribonucleoside triphosphates
to base-pair with the __________ strand
DNA strands; template
three steps of transcription
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
promoter
DNA sequence preceding the gene where RNA polymerase binds to start
transcription
when does transcription start?
when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA sequence just preceding the gene,
known as the promoter
what is the first base to be transcribed
the transcription start site (TSS)
transcription start site (TSS)
first base to be transcribed (+1 site)
the transcription start site (TSS) is denoted as ____
+1
what direction is RNA transcribed in?
5' to 3'
the template is read in what direction?
3' to 5'
, On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________
downstream; upstream
during initiation, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands to make a
____________ ___________
transcription bubble
the first few ribonucleoside triphosphates are added while the ____ ___________
is at the __________
RNA polymerase; promoter
promoter clearance
when the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA polymerase moves past the promoter
and changes conformation to be more stably associated with the DNA
after promoter clearance, in elongation, the RNA polymerase moves along DNA,
adding _______ and elongating the _____ transcript
ribonucleotides; RNA
RNA polymerase _______ the DNA ahead of it, and the DNA _____ behind the
enzyme, maintaining the ____________ ______ along the DNA
unwinds; repairs; replication bubble
in the replication bubble, a short region of the transcript is paired with the _____;
the rest of the RNA is _________ from the polymerase
DNA; extruded
elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a
_________
terminator
terminator
signals RNA synthesis to cease
after the terminator is reached and RNA synthesis ceases, the RNA polymerase
________ from the DNA
CORRECT ANWERS LATEST 2025
transcription
DNA to RNA
Nobel Prize winner for transcription
Roger Kornberg
the information stored in _______ is used to make a functional protein or RNA
molecule
DNA
the information stored in DNA is used to make a functional _____ or _____
molecule
protein; RNA
transcription is the copying of one strand of _____ (the coding strand) into an
_____ molecule (a transcript)
DNA; RNA
to produce a protein from an RNA molecule, the RNA sequence is read by the
___________ - this process is ________
ribosome; translation
What type of RNA is made during transcription?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
DNA is transcribed into RNA by
RNA polymerase
,RNA polymerase copies the _______ strand of DNA by using the ________ strand
(the ________ or ___-______ strand)
coding; complementary; template; non-coding
RNA polymerase separates _____ _____ and allows ribonucleoside triphosphates
to base-pair with the __________ strand
DNA strands; template
three steps of transcription
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
promoter
DNA sequence preceding the gene where RNA polymerase binds to start
transcription
when does transcription start?
when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA sequence just preceding the gene,
known as the promoter
what is the first base to be transcribed
the transcription start site (TSS)
transcription start site (TSS)
first base to be transcribed (+1 site)
the transcription start site (TSS) is denoted as ____
+1
what direction is RNA transcribed in?
5' to 3'
the template is read in what direction?
3' to 5'
, On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________
downstream; upstream
during initiation, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands to make a
____________ ___________
transcription bubble
the first few ribonucleoside triphosphates are added while the ____ ___________
is at the __________
RNA polymerase; promoter
promoter clearance
when the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA polymerase moves past the promoter
and changes conformation to be more stably associated with the DNA
after promoter clearance, in elongation, the RNA polymerase moves along DNA,
adding _______ and elongating the _____ transcript
ribonucleotides; RNA
RNA polymerase _______ the DNA ahead of it, and the DNA _____ behind the
enzyme, maintaining the ____________ ______ along the DNA
unwinds; repairs; replication bubble
in the replication bubble, a short region of the transcript is paired with the _____;
the rest of the RNA is _________ from the polymerase
DNA; extruded
elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a
_________
terminator
terminator
signals RNA synthesis to cease
after the terminator is reached and RNA synthesis ceases, the RNA polymerase
________ from the DNA
