Numbers 3rd Edition Jaggia
Business Statistics: Communicating with Numbers, 3e (Jaggia)
Chapter 2 Tabular and Graphical Methods
1) A frequency distribution for qualitative data groups these data into classes called intervals and
records the total number of observations in each class.
2) The relative frequency of a category is calculated by dividing the category's frequency by the
total number of observations.
3) The percent frequency of a category equals the frequency of the category multiplied by 100%.
4) A pie chart is a segmented circle that portrays the categories and relative sizes of some
quantitative variable.
5) A bar chart depicts the frequency or relative frequency of each category of qualitative data as a
bar rising vertically from the horizontal axis. It is also acceptable for the bar to extend horizontally
from the vertical axis.
6) A bar chart may be displayed horizontally.
7) To approximate the width of a class in the creation of a bar chart, we may use this formula:
8) For quantitative data, a relative frequency distribution identifies the proportion of observations
that fall into each class.
9) For quantitative data, a cumulative relative frequency distribution records the proportion
(fraction) of values that fall below the upper limit of each class.
10) A histogram is a series of rectangles where the width and height of each rectangle represent the
frequency (or relative frequency) and the width of the respective class.
11) A polygon connects a series of neighboring points where each point represents the midpoint of
a particular class and its associated frequency or relative frequency.
12) An ogive is a graph that plots the cumulative frequency (or the cumulative relative frequency)
of each class above the lower limit of the corresponding class.
13) A stem-and-leaf diagram is useful in that it gives an overall picture of where quantitative data
are centered and how the data are dispersed from the center.
14) A scatterplot is a graphical tool that helps determine whether or not two quantitative variables
are related.
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15) When constructing a scatterplot for two quantitative variables, we usually refer to one variable
as x and another one as y. Typically, we graph x on the vertical axis and y on the horizontal axis.
16) When constructing a pie chart, only a few, the most frequent, categories must be included in
the pie.
17) When summarizing quantitative data it is always better to have up to 30 classes in a frequency
distribution.
18) Scatterplot is a graphical tool that is focused on describing one variable.
19) Frequency distributions may be used to describe which of the following types of data?
A) Nominal and ordinal data only
B) Nominal and interval data only
C) Nominal, ordinal, and interval data only
D) Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data
20) In order to summarize qualitative data, a useful tool is a .
A) histogram
B) frequency distribution
C) stem-and-leaf diagram
D) All of the above
21) For both qualitative and quantitative data, what is the difference between the relative
frequency and the percent frequency?
A) The relative frequency equals the percent frequency multiplied by 100.
B) The percent frequency equals the relative frequency multiplied by 100.
C) As opposed to the relative frequency, the percent frequency is divided by the number of
observations in the data set.
D) As opposed to the percent frequency, the relative frequency is divided by the number of
observations in the data set.
22) For which of the following data sets will a pie chart be most useful?
A) Heights of high school freshmen
B) Ambient temperatures in the U.S. Capitol Building
C) Percentage of net sales by product for Lenovo in Year 1
D) Growth rates of firms in a particular industry
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23) An auto parts chain asked customers to complete a survey rating the chain's customer service
as average, above average, or below average. The following shows the results from the survey:
Average Below Average Average
Above Average Above Average Above Average
Below Average Average Average
Below Average Average Below Average
Below Average Below Average Below Average
(See the Excel Data File.)
The proportion of customers who felt the customer service was Average is the closest to
.
A) 0.20
B) 0.33
C) 0.46
D) 0.53
24) An auto parts chain asked customers to complete a survey rating the chain's customer service
as average, above average, or below average. The following table shows the results from the
survey.
Average Below Average Average
Above Average Above Average Above Average
Below Average Average Average
Below Average Average Below Average
Below Average Below Average Below Average
(See the Excel Data File.)
A rating of Average or Above Average accounted for what number of responses to the survey?
A) 3
B) 7
C) 8
D) 10
3
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