,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 11th Editio
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
Chapter 2 m
Basic Techniques of Family Therapy
m m m m
INTRODUCTION
Thismchaptermoffersmguidelinesmformgettingmstartedminmfamilymtherapy.m Theminitialmphonemcontactms
houldmbemusedmtomgatherminformationmandmarrangemformthemwholemfamilymtomcomeminmformamconsult
ation.m Inmthemfirstmsessionmit’smimportantmtomestablishmanmalliancemwithmeveryonempresent,mtomexplo
remthempresentingmcomplaintmandmitsminterpersonalmcontext,mandmtomformulatemamtentativemhypothes
ismaboutmwhatmmightmbemkeepingmthemfamilymfrommresolvingmitsmproblems.m Inmthemfirstmormsecondm
session,mthemfamilymshouldmbemofferedmamtreatmentmcontract,mwhichmshouldmdefinemthemconditionsm
ofmtreatmentm(time,mplace,mfee,metc.)mandmoffermthemfamilymhopemthatmthemtherapistmwillmbemablemtomh
elpmthem.m Suggestionsmaremofferedmformthemremainingmstagesmofmtreatment,mthroughmandmincluding
mterminationmandmfollow-up.
Themsecondmsectionmofmthismchaptermismdevotedmtommoremextensivemsuggestionsmaboutmassessment,m
emphasizingmcertainmissuesmthatmshouldmbemexploredmevenmwhenmfamiliesmdon'tmbringmthemmup.
Maritalmviolencemandmsexualmabusemaremexamplesmofmclinicalmproblemsmlikelymtomrequiremspecializ
edmapproaches,mandmguidelinesmaremofferedmformworkingmwithmthesemdifficultmcases.m Finally,msugg
estionsmaremmademformworkingmcollaborativelymwithmthemmanagedmcaremindustrymandmformestablish
ingmamfee-for-servicemprivatempractice.
LeadingmFigures
VirginiamGoldner,mMichaelmJohnson,mMarshamSheinberg,mGillianmWalker.
ImportantmTerms
circularmcausality:mthemideamthatmactionsmaremrelatedmthroughmamseriesmofmrecursivemloops.
complementary:mrelationshipsmbasedmonmdifferencesmthatmfitmtogether,mwheremqualitiesmofmonemmak
emupmformlacksminmthemother.
empathy:m themabilitymtomputmyourselfminmsomeonemelse’smshoesmandmunderstandmhowmthatmpersonmf
eels.
familymhomeostasis:mtendencymofmfamiliesmtomresistmchangeminmordermtommaintainmamsteadymstate.
familymlifemcycle:m stagesmofmfamilymlife,mfrommseparationmfrommparentsmtomformingmamcoupl
e,mhavingmchildren,mgrowingmolder,mretirement,mandmsomon;meachmstagemtypicallymre
quiresmsomemstructuralmmodificationsminmthemfamily.
familymrules:mamdescriptivemtermmformredundantmbehavioralmpatterns.
feedback:mthemreturnmofmamportionmofmthemoutputmofmamsystem,mespeciallymwhenmusedmtommaintainm
themoutputmwithinmpredeterminedmlimitsm(negativemfeedback),mormtomsignalmamneedmtommodi
fymthemsystemm(positivemfeedback).
genogram:m amschematicmdiagrammofmthemfamilymsystem,musingmsquaresmtomrepresentmmales,
mcirclesmtomrepresentmfemales,mhorizontalmlinesmtomindicatemmarriage,mandmverticalml
inesmformchildren.
homework:m therapeuticmtasksmassignedmformclientsmtomcarrymoutmbetweenmsessions.midentif
iedmpatient:mthemsymptommbearermormofficialmpatientmasmidentifiedmbymthemfamily.mhypothe
sis:m amformulationmexplainingmwhymclientsmhavemamparticularmproblemmandmwhatmis
keepingmthemmfrommresolvingmit.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 11th Editio
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
linear:msimplemexplanationsmofmcausemandmeffect,mwheremAmcausesmB.
managedmcare:m amsystemminmwhichmthirdmpartymcompaniesmcontrolmhealthmcaremcostsmbymre
gulatingmthemconditionsmofmtreatment.
medicalmmodel:mthemideamthatmpsychologicalmdisordersmresideminmindividuals,mjustmlikemmed
icalmdiseases.
presentingmproblem:mthemspecificmcomplaintmclientsmcomeminmwith,mphrasedminmtheirmterms.
process/content:m distinctionmbetweenmhowm membersmofmamgroupm(ormfamily)mrelatemand
whatmtheymtalkmabout.
reframing:mrelabelingmamfamily'smdescriptionmofmbehaviormtommakemitmmoremamenablemtomtherapeuti
cmchange;mformexample,mdescribingmsomeonemasm"discouraged"mrathermthanmdepressed.
resistance:m anythingmclientsmdomtomopposemormretardmthemprogressmofmtreatment,moftenmform
purposesmofmself-protection.
structure,mfamily:m themwaymamfamilymismorganized,minvolvingmclosenessmandmdistance,mwhi
chmdefinesmandmstabilizesmthemshapemofmrelationships.
subsystems:msmallermunitsminmsystems,minmfamiliesmthesemaremdeterminedmbymgenerationman
dmfunction.
symmetrical:minmrelationships,mequalitymormparallelmform.
systemicmcontext:mthemnetworkmofmsurroundingmpeople,mincludingmfamily,mfriends,mandmimp
ortantmothers.
therapeuticmalliance:m m themworkingmpartnershipmbetweenmtherapistmandmclients.
treatmentmcontract:m anmexplicitmagreementmbetweenmtherapistmandmclientsmregardingmthemte
rmsmofmtreatment.
SUMMARYmOFmKEYmPOINTSmANDmISSUES
GETTINGmSTARTED
Themgoalmofmtheminitialmphonemcallmismtomgetmanmoverviewmofmthempresentingmproblemmandmarrangem
formthemfamilymtomcomemformamconsultation.m Whenmclientsmresistmthemsuggestionmtombringminmthemwh
olemfamily,mthemtherapistmshouldmtrymtomunderstandmthemreasonsmformtheirmreluctance.m It’smgenerally
mnotmusefulmtomimplym"thatmeveryonemismpartmofmthemproblem"mormthatmthemconsultationmismamprelude
mtom"familymtherapy."m Rather,msimplymsayingmthatmthemclinicianmneedsmeveryonemtomattendminmorder
m"tomgetmasmmuchminformationmasmpossible"morm"tomgetmeveryone'smpointmofmview"mismusuallymsuffici
entmtomensuremthemfamily'smattendance.m Finally,mamremindermcallmbeforemthemfirstmsessionmmaymcutm
downmonmthemno-showmrate.
Themprimarymobjectivesmofmthemfirstminterviewmaremtombuildmanmalliancemwithmthemfamilymandmgathe
rminformationmtomformulatemamhypothesismaboutmwhat’smmaintainingmthempresentingmproblem.
Becausemfamilymmembersmaremoftenmanxiousmormuncertainmaboutmthemneedmformtheirmparticipation,mi
t’smimportantmtomlistenmrespectfullymtomeveryone'smperspectivemonmthemproblemsmthatmbroughtmthemf
amilymtomtreatmentmandmtomacknowledgemanymreluctancemtomparticipate.m Somemtherapistsmusemgen
ogramsm tomdiagrammthemextendedmfamilymhistory,mwhilemothersmconcentratemmoremonmthemfamily'sm
immediatemsituation.
Twomespeciallymusefulmkindsmofminformationmaremsolutionsmthatmdon’tmworkmandmtransitionsminmthem
familymlifemcycle.m Moreover,malthoughmmostmofmthememphasismmaymbemonmamfamily'smproblems,mit’s
mimportantmnotmtomoverlookmtheirmstrengthsmandmsuccesses.m Inmadditionmtomexploringmthemcontentmof
ma
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 11th Editio
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
family'smproblems,mit’smusefulmtomobservemthemprocessmandmstructuremofmtheirminteractions.m Oftenmi
tmturnsmoutmthatmfamiliesmhavemtroublemsolvingmtheirmproblemsmnotmbecausemtheymlackmideasmbecau
semtheymaren'tmworkingmtogethermeffectively.m Bymthemendmofmthemfirstmormsecondmsession,mthemthera
pistmandmfamilymshouldmagreemonmamtreatmentmcontractmspecifyingmthemfamily'smgoalsmandmsuchmco
nditionsmofmtreatmentmasmmeetingmtimes,mattendance,mandmfees.
Themearlymphasemofmtreatmentmismdevotedmtomrefiningmthemtherapist'smhypothesismintomamformulati
onmofmwhatmismmaintainingmthempresentingmproblemmandmbeginningmtomworkmwithmthemfamilymtomre
solvemit.m Whilemthemtherapeuticmalliancemmustmbemmaintainedmatmallmtimes,mthememphasismnowmshi
ftsmfrommjoiningmthemfamilymtomchallengingmthemmtomlookmatmothermoptions.m Whilemstrategiesmandm
techniquesmvary,meffectivemtherapistsmaremforcefulmandmpersistentminmtheirmpursuitmofmchange.
Amongmcommonmstrategiesmaremchallengingmthemideamthatmonempersonmismthemproblemmandmthatmfa
milymmembersmaremnotmaffectedmbymonemanother.m Regardlessmofmhowmthemtherapistmmightmquestion
massumptionsmorminteractions,mit’smessentialmtomrespectmandmacknowledgemclients'mfeelingsmandmpoi
ntsmofmview.m Homeworkmassignmentsmmaymbemusedmtomtestmamfamily'smflexibilitymormtomhelpmthe
mmpracticemnewmcopingmstrategies.m Supervisionmcanmhelpmtherapistsmcheckmthemvaliditymofmtheirmf
ormulationsmandmmoremeffectivelymimplementmchangemstrategies.
Inmthemmiddlemphasemofmtreatmentmtherapistsmtakemamlessmdirectivemrolemandmbeginmtomencouragem
familymmembersmtomrelymmoremonmtheirmownmresources.m Ifmchangemisminitiatedminmthemearlymphase,mt
hemmiddlemphasemismthemtimemformconsolidatingmthosemchanges.m Duringmthismphasemtherapistsmarem
advisedmtomencouragemfamilymmembersmtomtalkmmoremamongmthemselvesmandmtomincreasinglymtestm
theirmownmcopingmresources.m Therapistsmshouldmmakemcertainmthatmtheymhaven’tmbegunmtomassume
mresponsibilitiesmthatmrendermfamilymmembersmdependent.
Formmostmfamilymtherapistsmterminationmcomesmwhenmamfamilymhasmresolvedmthempresentingmpro
blemmandmbeginsmtomfeelmthatmtheymcanmnowmmanagemtheirmlivesmwithoutmprofessionalmhelp.m Atmth
ismtime,mit’smusefulmtomreviewmwithmthemfamilymwhatmthey’vemlearnedminmthemcoursemofmtherapyman
dmtomanticipatemandmplanmformupcomingmchallenges.m Inmmanymcasesmamtherapistmmaymwishmtomtermi
natemwithmthemimplicationmthatmthemfamilymcanmreturnmifmtheymfeelmthemneedminmthemfuture.
FamilymAssessment
Whilemcliniciansmvaryminmthemextentmtomwhichmtheymdomformalmassessments,mthemauthormsuggestsmt
hatmmostmfamilymtherapistsmspendmtoomlittlemtimemonmthismessentialmendeavor.m Whenmexploringmth
empresentingmproblem,mit’smimportantmnotmtomjumpmtomconclusions.m Listenmcarefullymtomthemfami
ly'smaccountmofmthemproblemmandmaskmdetailedmquestionsmtomelicitmnotmonlymonemdescriptionmbutmea
chmfamilymmember'smperspective.m Paymattentionmbothmtomthemproblemsmdescribedmandmtomhowmfa
milymmembersmrespondmtomthosemproblems.m It’smalsomimportantmtomunderstandmthemreferralmrout
e.m Whommademthemreferral,mandmwhy?m Whatmdoesmthismpersonmormagencymexpect,mandmwhatmexpe
ctationsmhavemtheymcreatedminmthemclientmfamily?
Inmsystemsmorientedmfamilymtherapy,mit’smimportantmtomhelpmfamiliesmshiftmfrommamlinearmperspecti
vem(themsymptomaticmfamilymmembermismthemonlymproblem)mandmmedicalmmodelmthinkingm(hemormsh
emismhismormhermdiagnosis)mtomanminteractionalmperspective.m Tomaccomplishmthismshift,mamtherapistmn
eedsmto
mynursytest.store
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
Chapter 2 m
Basic Techniques of Family Therapy
m m m m
INTRODUCTION
Thismchaptermoffersmguidelinesmformgettingmstartedminmfamilymtherapy.m Theminitialmphonemcontactms
houldmbemusedmtomgatherminformationmandmarrangemformthemwholemfamilymtomcomeminmformamconsult
ation.m Inmthemfirstmsessionmit’smimportantmtomestablishmanmalliancemwithmeveryonempresent,mtomexplo
remthempresentingmcomplaintmandmitsminterpersonalmcontext,mandmtomformulatemamtentativemhypothes
ismaboutmwhatmmightmbemkeepingmthemfamilymfrommresolvingmitsmproblems.m Inmthemfirstmormsecondm
session,mthemfamilymshouldmbemofferedmamtreatmentmcontract,mwhichmshouldmdefinemthemconditionsm
ofmtreatmentm(time,mplace,mfee,metc.)mandmoffermthemfamilymhopemthatmthemtherapistmwillmbemablemtomh
elpmthem.m Suggestionsmaremofferedmformthemremainingmstagesmofmtreatment,mthroughmandmincluding
mterminationmandmfollow-up.
Themsecondmsectionmofmthismchaptermismdevotedmtommoremextensivemsuggestionsmaboutmassessment,m
emphasizingmcertainmissuesmthatmshouldmbemexploredmevenmwhenmfamiliesmdon'tmbringmthemmup.
Maritalmviolencemandmsexualmabusemaremexamplesmofmclinicalmproblemsmlikelymtomrequiremspecializ
edmapproaches,mandmguidelinesmaremofferedmformworkingmwithmthesemdifficultmcases.m Finally,msugg
estionsmaremmademformworkingmcollaborativelymwithmthemmanagedmcaremindustrymandmformestablish
ingmamfee-for-servicemprivatempractice.
LeadingmFigures
VirginiamGoldner,mMichaelmJohnson,mMarshamSheinberg,mGillianmWalker.
ImportantmTerms
circularmcausality:mthemideamthatmactionsmaremrelatedmthroughmamseriesmofmrecursivemloops.
complementary:mrelationshipsmbasedmonmdifferencesmthatmfitmtogether,mwheremqualitiesmofmonemmak
emupmformlacksminmthemother.
empathy:m themabilitymtomputmyourselfminmsomeonemelse’smshoesmandmunderstandmhowmthatmpersonmf
eels.
familymhomeostasis:mtendencymofmfamiliesmtomresistmchangeminmordermtommaintainmamsteadymstate.
familymlifemcycle:m stagesmofmfamilymlife,mfrommseparationmfrommparentsmtomformingmamcoupl
e,mhavingmchildren,mgrowingmolder,mretirement,mandmsomon;meachmstagemtypicallymre
quiresmsomemstructuralmmodificationsminmthemfamily.
familymrules:mamdescriptivemtermmformredundantmbehavioralmpatterns.
feedback:mthemreturnmofmamportionmofmthemoutputmofmamsystem,mespeciallymwhenmusedmtommaintainm
themoutputmwithinmpredeterminedmlimitsm(negativemfeedback),mormtomsignalmamneedmtommodi
fymthemsystemm(positivemfeedback).
genogram:m amschematicmdiagrammofmthemfamilymsystem,musingmsquaresmtomrepresentmmales,
mcirclesmtomrepresentmfemales,mhorizontalmlinesmtomindicatemmarriage,mandmverticalml
inesmformchildren.
homework:m therapeuticmtasksmassignedmformclientsmtomcarrymoutmbetweenmsessions.midentif
iedmpatient:mthemsymptommbearermormofficialmpatientmasmidentifiedmbymthemfamily.mhypothe
sis:m amformulationmexplainingmwhymclientsmhavemamparticularmproblemmandmwhatmis
keepingmthemmfrommresolvingmit.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 11th Editio
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
linear:msimplemexplanationsmofmcausemandmeffect,mwheremAmcausesmB.
managedmcare:m amsystemminmwhichmthirdmpartymcompaniesmcontrolmhealthmcaremcostsmbymre
gulatingmthemconditionsmofmtreatment.
medicalmmodel:mthemideamthatmpsychologicalmdisordersmresideminmindividuals,mjustmlikemmed
icalmdiseases.
presentingmproblem:mthemspecificmcomplaintmclientsmcomeminmwith,mphrasedminmtheirmterms.
process/content:m distinctionmbetweenmhowm membersmofmamgroupm(ormfamily)mrelatemand
whatmtheymtalkmabout.
reframing:mrelabelingmamfamily'smdescriptionmofmbehaviormtommakemitmmoremamenablemtomtherapeuti
cmchange;mformexample,mdescribingmsomeonemasm"discouraged"mrathermthanmdepressed.
resistance:m anythingmclientsmdomtomopposemormretardmthemprogressmofmtreatment,moftenmform
purposesmofmself-protection.
structure,mfamily:m themwaymamfamilymismorganized,minvolvingmclosenessmandmdistance,mwhi
chmdefinesmandmstabilizesmthemshapemofmrelationships.
subsystems:msmallermunitsminmsystems,minmfamiliesmthesemaremdeterminedmbymgenerationman
dmfunction.
symmetrical:minmrelationships,mequalitymormparallelmform.
systemicmcontext:mthemnetworkmofmsurroundingmpeople,mincludingmfamily,mfriends,mandmimp
ortantmothers.
therapeuticmalliance:m m themworkingmpartnershipmbetweenmtherapistmandmclients.
treatmentmcontract:m anmexplicitmagreementmbetweenmtherapistmandmclientsmregardingmthemte
rmsmofmtreatment.
SUMMARYmOFmKEYmPOINTSmANDmISSUES
GETTINGmSTARTED
Themgoalmofmtheminitialmphonemcallmismtomgetmanmoverviewmofmthempresentingmproblemmandmarrangem
formthemfamilymtomcomemformamconsultation.m Whenmclientsmresistmthemsuggestionmtombringminmthemwh
olemfamily,mthemtherapistmshouldmtrymtomunderstandmthemreasonsmformtheirmreluctance.m It’smgenerally
mnotmusefulmtomimplym"thatmeveryonemismpartmofmthemproblem"mormthatmthemconsultationmismamprelude
mtom"familymtherapy."m Rather,msimplymsayingmthatmthemclinicianmneedsmeveryonemtomattendminmorder
m"tomgetmasmmuchminformationmasmpossible"morm"tomgetmeveryone'smpointmofmview"mismusuallymsuffici
entmtomensuremthemfamily'smattendance.m Finally,mamremindermcallmbeforemthemfirstmsessionmmaymcutm
downmonmthemno-showmrate.
Themprimarymobjectivesmofmthemfirstminterviewmaremtombuildmanmalliancemwithmthemfamilymandmgathe
rminformationmtomformulatemamhypothesismaboutmwhat’smmaintainingmthempresentingmproblem.
Becausemfamilymmembersmaremoftenmanxiousmormuncertainmaboutmthemneedmformtheirmparticipation,mi
t’smimportantmtomlistenmrespectfullymtomeveryone'smperspectivemonmthemproblemsmthatmbroughtmthemf
amilymtomtreatmentmandmtomacknowledgemanymreluctancemtomparticipate.m Somemtherapistsmusemgen
ogramsm tomdiagrammthemextendedmfamilymhistory,mwhilemothersmconcentratemmoremonmthemfamily'sm
immediatemsituation.
Twomespeciallymusefulmkindsmofminformationmaremsolutionsmthatmdon’tmworkmandmtransitionsminmthem
familymlifemcycle.m Moreover,malthoughmmostmofmthememphasismmaymbemonmamfamily'smproblems,mit’s
mimportantmnotmtomoverlookmtheirmstrengthsmandmsuccesses.m Inmadditionmtomexploringmthemcontentmof
ma
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 11th Editio
m m m m m m m m m m m
n Nichols m
family'smproblems,mit’smusefulmtomobservemthemprocessmandmstructuremofmtheirminteractions.m Oftenmi
tmturnsmoutmthatmfamiliesmhavemtroublemsolvingmtheirmproblemsmnotmbecausemtheymlackmideasmbecau
semtheymaren'tmworkingmtogethermeffectively.m Bymthemendmofmthemfirstmormsecondmsession,mthemthera
pistmandmfamilymshouldmagreemonmamtreatmentmcontractmspecifyingmthemfamily'smgoalsmandmsuchmco
nditionsmofmtreatmentmasmmeetingmtimes,mattendance,mandmfees.
Themearlymphasemofmtreatmentmismdevotedmtomrefiningmthemtherapist'smhypothesismintomamformulati
onmofmwhatmismmaintainingmthempresentingmproblemmandmbeginningmtomworkmwithmthemfamilymtomre
solvemit.m Whilemthemtherapeuticmalliancemmustmbemmaintainedmatmallmtimes,mthememphasismnowmshi
ftsmfrommjoiningmthemfamilymtomchallengingmthemmtomlookmatmothermoptions.m Whilemstrategiesmandm
techniquesmvary,meffectivemtherapistsmaremforcefulmandmpersistentminmtheirmpursuitmofmchange.
Amongmcommonmstrategiesmaremchallengingmthemideamthatmonempersonmismthemproblemmandmthatmfa
milymmembersmaremnotmaffectedmbymonemanother.m Regardlessmofmhowmthemtherapistmmightmquestion
massumptionsmorminteractions,mit’smessentialmtomrespectmandmacknowledgemclients'mfeelingsmandmpoi
ntsmofmview.m Homeworkmassignmentsmmaymbemusedmtomtestmamfamily'smflexibilitymormtomhelpmthe
mmpracticemnewmcopingmstrategies.m Supervisionmcanmhelpmtherapistsmcheckmthemvaliditymofmtheirmf
ormulationsmandmmoremeffectivelymimplementmchangemstrategies.
Inmthemmiddlemphasemofmtreatmentmtherapistsmtakemamlessmdirectivemrolemandmbeginmtomencouragem
familymmembersmtomrelymmoremonmtheirmownmresources.m Ifmchangemisminitiatedminmthemearlymphase,mt
hemmiddlemphasemismthemtimemformconsolidatingmthosemchanges.m Duringmthismphasemtherapistsmarem
advisedmtomencouragemfamilymmembersmtomtalkmmoremamongmthemselvesmandmtomincreasinglymtestm
theirmownmcopingmresources.m Therapistsmshouldmmakemcertainmthatmtheymhaven’tmbegunmtomassume
mresponsibilitiesmthatmrendermfamilymmembersmdependent.
Formmostmfamilymtherapistsmterminationmcomesmwhenmamfamilymhasmresolvedmthempresentingmpro
blemmandmbeginsmtomfeelmthatmtheymcanmnowmmanagemtheirmlivesmwithoutmprofessionalmhelp.m Atmth
ismtime,mit’smusefulmtomreviewmwithmthemfamilymwhatmthey’vemlearnedminmthemcoursemofmtherapyman
dmtomanticipatemandmplanmformupcomingmchallenges.m Inmmanymcasesmamtherapistmmaymwishmtomtermi
natemwithmthemimplicationmthatmthemfamilymcanmreturnmifmtheymfeelmthemneedminmthemfuture.
FamilymAssessment
Whilemcliniciansmvaryminmthemextentmtomwhichmtheymdomformalmassessments,mthemauthormsuggestsmt
hatmmostmfamilymtherapistsmspendmtoomlittlemtimemonmthismessentialmendeavor.m Whenmexploringmth
empresentingmproblem,mit’smimportantmnotmtomjumpmtomconclusions.m Listenmcarefullymtomthemfami
ly'smaccountmofmthemproblemmandmaskmdetailedmquestionsmtomelicitmnotmonlymonemdescriptionmbutmea
chmfamilymmember'smperspective.m Paymattentionmbothmtomthemproblemsmdescribedmandmtomhowmfa
milymmembersmrespondmtomthosemproblems.m It’smalsomimportantmtomunderstandmthemreferralmrout
e.m Whommademthemreferral,mandmwhy?m Whatmdoesmthismpersonmormagencymexpect,mandmwhatmexpe
ctationsmhavemtheymcreatedminmthemclientmfamily?
Inmsystemsmorientedmfamilymtherapy,mit’smimportantmtomhelpmfamiliesmshiftmfrommamlinearmperspecti
vem(themsymptomaticmfamilymmembermismthemonlymproblem)mandmmedicalmmodelmthinkingm(hemormsh
emismhismormhermdiagnosis)mtomanminteractionalmperspective.m Tomaccomplishmthismshift,mamtherapistmn
eedsmto
mynursytest.store
