TEST BANK FOR PERDIAR
b b b
ICPHYSICAL EXAMINATI
b b
ON An b
Illustrated Handbook 3rd Editi b b
b
on Duderstadt
b
Chapterb1:bApproachbtobCarebandbAssessmentbofbChildrenbandbAdolescents
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Abnursebisbreviewingbdevelopmentalbconceptsbforbinfantsbandbchildren.bWhichbstatementbbestb
describesbdevelopmentbinbinfantsbandbchildren?
a. Development,babpredictablebandborderlybprocess,boccursbatbvaryingbratesbwithinbnormalblimits.
b. Developmentbisbprimarilybrelatedbtobthebgrowthbinbthebnumberbandbsizebofbcells.
, c. Developmentboccursbinbabproximodistalbdirectionbwithbfinebmusclebdevelopmentboccurringbf
irst.
d. Developmentbisbmorebeasilybandbaccuratelybmeasuredbthanbgrowth.
ANS:bA
Development,babcontinuousborderlybprocess,bprovidesbthebbasisbforbincreasesbinbthebchildsbfunctionba
ndbcomplexitybofbbehavior.bThebincreasesbinbratebofbfunctionbandbcomplexitybcanbvarybnormallybwit
hinblimitsbforbeachbchild.bAnbincreasebinbthebnumberbandbsizebofbcellsbisbabdefinitionbforbgrowth.bDeve
lopmentbproceedsbinbabproximodistalbdirectionbwithbfinebmuscleborganizationboccurringbasbabresultbo
fblargebmuscleborganization.bDevelopmentbisbabmorebcomplexbprocessbthatbisbaffectedbbybmanybfacto
rs;btherefore,bitbisblessbeasilybandbaccuratelybmeasured.bGrowthbisbabpredictablebprocessbwithbstandar
dbmeasurementbmethods.
2. Frequentbdevelopmentalbassessmentsbarebimportantbforbwhichbreason?
a. Stablebdevelopmentalbperiodsbduringbinfancybprovidebanbopportunitybtobidentifybanybdelaysborbd
eficits.
b. Infantsbneedbstimulationbspecificbtobthebstagebofbdevelopment.
c. Criticalbperiodsbofbdevelopmentboccurbduringbchildhood.
d. Childbdevelopmentbisbunpredictablebandbneedsbmonitoring.
ANS:bC
Criticalbperiodsbarebblocksbofbtimebduringbwhichbchildrenbarebreadybtobmasterbspecificbdevelopmenta
lbtasks.bChildrenbcanbmasterbthesebtasksbmorebeasilybduringbparticularbperiodsbofbtimebinbtheirbgrowthb
andbdevelopmentalbprocess.bInfancybisbabdynamicbtimebofbdevelopmentbthatbrequiresbfrequentbevalua
tionsbtobassessbappropriatebdevelopmentalbprogress.bInfantsbinbabnurturingbenvironmentbwillbdevelop
appropriatelybandbwillbnotbnecessarilybneedbstimulationbspecificbtobtheirbdevelopmentalbstage.bNor
b
malbgrowthbandbdevelopmentbareborderlybandbproceedbinbabpredictablebpatternbonbthebbasisbofbeachbin
dividualsbabilitiesbandbpotentials.
3. Whichbfactorbhasbthebgreatestbinfluencebonbchildbgrowthbandbdevelopment?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS:bC
Geneticbfactorsb(heredity)bdeterminebeachbindividualsbgrowthbandbdevelopmentalbrate.bAlthoughbfac
torsbsuchbasbenvironment,bculture,bnutrition,bandbfamilybcanbinfluencebgeneticbtraits,btheybdobnotbelim
inatebthebeffectbofbthebgeneticbendowment,bwhichbisbpermanent.bCulturebisbabsignificantbfactorbthatbin
fluencesbhowbchildrenbgrowbtowardbadulthood.bCulturebinfluencesbbothbgrowthbandbdevelopmentbbu
tbdoesbnotbeliminatebinbornbgeneticbinfluences.bEnvironmentbhasbabsignificantbrolebinbdeterminingbgr
owthbandbdevelopmentbbothbbeforebandbafterbbirth.bThebenvironmentbcanbinfluencebhowbandbtobwhic
hbextentbgeneticbtraitsbarebmanifested,bbutbenvironmentalbfactorsbcannotbeliminatebthebeffectbofbgenet
ics.bNutritionbisbcriticalbforbgrowthbandbplaysbabsignificantbrolebthroughoutbchildhood.
4. Abnursebisbplanningbabteachingbsessionbwithbabchild.bAccordingbtobPiagetianbtheory,bthebperiodbo
fbcognitivebdevelopmentbinbwhichbthebchildbisbablebtobdistinguishbfactbfrombfantasybisbthebperiodbofb
cognitivebdevelopment.
a. sensorimotor
, b. formalboperations
c. concreteboperations
d. preoperational
ANS:bC
Concreteboperationsbisbthebperiodbofbcognitivebdevelopmentbinbwhichbchildrensbthinkingbisbshiftedbf
rombegocentricbtobbeingbablebtobseebanothersbpointbofbview.bTheybdevelopbthebabilitybtobdistinguishbf
actbfrombfantasy.bThebsensorimotorbstageboccursbinbinfancybandbisbabperiodbofbreflexivebbehavior.bD
uringbthisbperiod,bthebinfantsbworldbbecomesbmorebpermanentbandborganized.bThebstagebendsbwithbth
ebinfantbdemonstratingbsomebevidencebofbreasoning.bFormalboperationsbisbabperiodbinbdevelopmentbi
nbwhichbnewbideasbarebcreatedbthroughbpreviousbthoughts.bAnalyticbreasonbandbabstractbthoughtbem
ergebinbthisbperiod.bThebpreoperationalbstagebisbabperiodbofbegocentrismbinbwhichbthebchildsbjudgme
ntsbarebillogicalbandbdominatedbbybmagicalbthinkingbandbanimism.
5. Thebtheoristbwhobviewedbdevelopmentalbprogressionbasbablifelongbseriesbofbconflictsbthatbneedbr
esolutionbis:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS:bA
ErikbEriksonbviewedbdevelopmentbasbabseriesbofbconflictsbaffectedbbybsocialbandbculturalbfactors.bEac
hbconflictbmustbbebresolvedbforbthebchildbtobprogressbemotionally,bwithbunsuccessfulbresolutionbleavi
ngbthebchildbemotionallybdisabled.bSigmundbFreudbproposedbabpsychosexualbtheorybofbdevelopmentb
inbwhichbcertainbpartsbofbthebbodybassumebpsychologicalbsignificancebasbfocibofbsexualbenergy.bThebf
ocibshiftbasbthebindividualbmovesbthroughbthebdifferentbstagesb(oral,banal,bphallic,blatency,bandbgenita
l)bofbdevelopment.bLawrencebKohlbergbdescribedbmoralbdevelopment
b b b
ICPHYSICAL EXAMINATI
b b
ON An b
Illustrated Handbook 3rd Editi b b
b
on Duderstadt
b
Chapterb1:bApproachbtobCarebandbAssessmentbofbChildrenbandbAdolescents
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Abnursebisbreviewingbdevelopmentalbconceptsbforbinfantsbandbchildren.bWhichbstatementbbestb
describesbdevelopmentbinbinfantsbandbchildren?
a. Development,babpredictablebandborderlybprocess,boccursbatbvaryingbratesbwithinbnormalblimits.
b. Developmentbisbprimarilybrelatedbtobthebgrowthbinbthebnumberbandbsizebofbcells.
, c. Developmentboccursbinbabproximodistalbdirectionbwithbfinebmusclebdevelopmentboccurringbf
irst.
d. Developmentbisbmorebeasilybandbaccuratelybmeasuredbthanbgrowth.
ANS:bA
Development,babcontinuousborderlybprocess,bprovidesbthebbasisbforbincreasesbinbthebchildsbfunctionba
ndbcomplexitybofbbehavior.bThebincreasesbinbratebofbfunctionbandbcomplexitybcanbvarybnormallybwit
hinblimitsbforbeachbchild.bAnbincreasebinbthebnumberbandbsizebofbcellsbisbabdefinitionbforbgrowth.bDeve
lopmentbproceedsbinbabproximodistalbdirectionbwithbfinebmuscleborganizationboccurringbasbabresultbo
fblargebmuscleborganization.bDevelopmentbisbabmorebcomplexbprocessbthatbisbaffectedbbybmanybfacto
rs;btherefore,bitbisblessbeasilybandbaccuratelybmeasured.bGrowthbisbabpredictablebprocessbwithbstandar
dbmeasurementbmethods.
2. Frequentbdevelopmentalbassessmentsbarebimportantbforbwhichbreason?
a. Stablebdevelopmentalbperiodsbduringbinfancybprovidebanbopportunitybtobidentifybanybdelaysborbd
eficits.
b. Infantsbneedbstimulationbspecificbtobthebstagebofbdevelopment.
c. Criticalbperiodsbofbdevelopmentboccurbduringbchildhood.
d. Childbdevelopmentbisbunpredictablebandbneedsbmonitoring.
ANS:bC
Criticalbperiodsbarebblocksbofbtimebduringbwhichbchildrenbarebreadybtobmasterbspecificbdevelopmenta
lbtasks.bChildrenbcanbmasterbthesebtasksbmorebeasilybduringbparticularbperiodsbofbtimebinbtheirbgrowthb
andbdevelopmentalbprocess.bInfancybisbabdynamicbtimebofbdevelopmentbthatbrequiresbfrequentbevalua
tionsbtobassessbappropriatebdevelopmentalbprogress.bInfantsbinbabnurturingbenvironmentbwillbdevelop
appropriatelybandbwillbnotbnecessarilybneedbstimulationbspecificbtobtheirbdevelopmentalbstage.bNor
b
malbgrowthbandbdevelopmentbareborderlybandbproceedbinbabpredictablebpatternbonbthebbasisbofbeachbin
dividualsbabilitiesbandbpotentials.
3. Whichbfactorbhasbthebgreatestbinfluencebonbchildbgrowthbandbdevelopment?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
, d. Nutrition
ANS:bC
Geneticbfactorsb(heredity)bdeterminebeachbindividualsbgrowthbandbdevelopmentalbrate.bAlthoughbfac
torsbsuchbasbenvironment,bculture,bnutrition,bandbfamilybcanbinfluencebgeneticbtraits,btheybdobnotbelim
inatebthebeffectbofbthebgeneticbendowment,bwhichbisbpermanent.bCulturebisbabsignificantbfactorbthatbin
fluencesbhowbchildrenbgrowbtowardbadulthood.bCulturebinfluencesbbothbgrowthbandbdevelopmentbbu
tbdoesbnotbeliminatebinbornbgeneticbinfluences.bEnvironmentbhasbabsignificantbrolebinbdeterminingbgr
owthbandbdevelopmentbbothbbeforebandbafterbbirth.bThebenvironmentbcanbinfluencebhowbandbtobwhic
hbextentbgeneticbtraitsbarebmanifested,bbutbenvironmentalbfactorsbcannotbeliminatebthebeffectbofbgenet
ics.bNutritionbisbcriticalbforbgrowthbandbplaysbabsignificantbrolebthroughoutbchildhood.
4. Abnursebisbplanningbabteachingbsessionbwithbabchild.bAccordingbtobPiagetianbtheory,bthebperiodbo
fbcognitivebdevelopmentbinbwhichbthebchildbisbablebtobdistinguishbfactbfrombfantasybisbthebperiodbofb
cognitivebdevelopment.
a. sensorimotor
, b. formalboperations
c. concreteboperations
d. preoperational
ANS:bC
Concreteboperationsbisbthebperiodbofbcognitivebdevelopmentbinbwhichbchildrensbthinkingbisbshiftedbf
rombegocentricbtobbeingbablebtobseebanothersbpointbofbview.bTheybdevelopbthebabilitybtobdistinguishbf
actbfrombfantasy.bThebsensorimotorbstageboccursbinbinfancybandbisbabperiodbofbreflexivebbehavior.bD
uringbthisbperiod,bthebinfantsbworldbbecomesbmorebpermanentbandborganized.bThebstagebendsbwithbth
ebinfantbdemonstratingbsomebevidencebofbreasoning.bFormalboperationsbisbabperiodbinbdevelopmentbi
nbwhichbnewbideasbarebcreatedbthroughbpreviousbthoughts.bAnalyticbreasonbandbabstractbthoughtbem
ergebinbthisbperiod.bThebpreoperationalbstagebisbabperiodbofbegocentrismbinbwhichbthebchildsbjudgme
ntsbarebillogicalbandbdominatedbbybmagicalbthinkingbandbanimism.
5. Thebtheoristbwhobviewedbdevelopmentalbprogressionbasbablifelongbseriesbofbconflictsbthatbneedbr
esolutionbis:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS:bA
ErikbEriksonbviewedbdevelopmentbasbabseriesbofbconflictsbaffectedbbybsocialbandbculturalbfactors.bEac
hbconflictbmustbbebresolvedbforbthebchildbtobprogressbemotionally,bwithbunsuccessfulbresolutionbleavi
ngbthebchildbemotionallybdisabled.bSigmundbFreudbproposedbabpsychosexualbtheorybofbdevelopmentb
inbwhichbcertainbpartsbofbthebbodybassumebpsychologicalbsignificancebasbfocibofbsexualbenergy.bThebf
ocibshiftbasbthebindividualbmovesbthroughbthebdifferentbstagesb(oral,banal,bphallic,blatency,bandbgenita
l)bofbdevelopment.bLawrencebKohlbergbdescribedbmoralbdevelopment
