PSY10007 EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
psychology - ANSWER the science of behaviour and mental processes (the goals of
psychology are to understand, explain and predict human behaviour in different
contexts)
biological psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who analyse the biological factors
influencing behaviour and mental processes (also called physiological psychologists)
cognitive psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the mental processes
underlying judgement, decision making, problem-solving, imagining and other aspects
of human thought or cognition (also called experimental psychologists)
developmental psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who seek to understand,
describe and explore how behaviour and mental processes change over a lifetime
personality psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the characteristics that
make individuals similar to or different from one another
clinical and counselling psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who seek to assess,
understand and change abnormal behaviour
community psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who work with communities and
individuals to prevent psychological disorders by striving for change in social systems
health psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the effects of behaviour and
mental processes on health and illness, and vice versa
educational psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study methods by which
instructors teach and students learn, and who apply their results to improving those
methods
school psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who work with teachers and students,
assist in diagnosing students' academic problems, provide counselling to students, and
set up programs to improve students' achievement
social psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study how people influence one
another's behaviour and mental processes, individually and in groups
organisational psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study ways to improve
efficiency, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organisation that
employ them
sport psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who explore the relationships between
athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion
forensic psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate
,defendants' mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving
psychology and the law
environmental psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the effects of the
physical environment on behaviour and mental processes
brief history of psychology - ANSWER the founding of modern psychology is usually
marked as 1879
consciousness - ANSWER the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity
structuralism - ANSWER attempting to determine the structure of consciousness
(Wilhelm Wundt, expanded by Edward Titchener)
functionalism - ANSWER attempting to explain psychological processes in terms of the
role or function they play
(John B. Watson)
biological approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology in which behaviour and
behaviour disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those
relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals
evolutionary approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology that emphasises the
inherited, adaptive aspects of behaviour and mental processes
psychodynamic approach - ANSWER a view developed by Freud that emphasises the
interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and
behaviour
behavioural approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology emphasising that human
behaviour is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards
and punishments
cognitive approach - ANSWER a way of looking at human behaviour that emphasises
research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and
retrieves memories, processes information and generated integrated patterns of action
humanistic approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology that views behaviour as
controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their
perceptions of the world
human diversity and psychology - ANSWER psychologists are diverse in their
backgrounds and in their activities (they are increasingly taking into account the
influence of culture and other sociocultural variables)
sociocultural factors - ANSWER social identity and other background factors, such as
gender, ethnicity, social class and culture
culture - ANSWER the accumulation of values, rules of behaviour, forms of expression,
, religious beliefs, occupational choices and the like for a group of people who share a
common language and environment
studying and working in psychology in Australia and New Zealand - ANSWER studying
psychology, regardless of your course of study or intended career destination, should
begin your development of a unique set of capabilities that will be useful in your
personal and professional life
nervous system - ANSWER a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to
allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the
body and to respond appropriately
cells of the nervous system - ANSWER neurons and glial cells
neurons - ANSWER fundamental units of the nervous system; nerve cells (they are
specialised to rapidly respond to signals and to quickly send signals of their own)
glial cells - ANSWER cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help
them communicate with one another
common features of neurons - ANSWER 1. neurons have an outer membrane that acts
like a fine screen, letting some substances pass in and out while blocking others 2.
nervous system cells have a cell body, which contains a nucleus (only red blood cells
have no nucleus). the nucleus carries the genetic information that determines how a cell
will function 3. nervous system cells contain mitochondria, which are structures that
turn oxygen and glucose into energy. this process is especially vital to brain cells
structure of neurons - ANSWER axon, dendrites, synapses
axon - ANSWER fibres that carry signals from the body of a neuron out to where
communication occurs with other neurons
dendrites - ANSWER neuron fibres that receive signals from the axons of other neurons
and carry those signals to the cell body
synapses - ANSWER the tiny gaps between neurons across which they communicate
action potential - ANSWER an abrupt wave of electrochemical changes travelling down
an axon when a neuron becomes depolarised
axon potentials - ANSWER the membranes of neurons normally keep the distribution of
electrically charged ions uneven between the inside of the cells and the outside,
creating an electrochemical force, or potential. the membrane surface of the axon can
transmit a disturbance in this potential, called an action potential, from one end of the
axon to the other. the speed of the action potential is fastest in neurons sheathed in
myelin. between firings, there is a very brief rest, called a refractory period
myelin - ANSWER a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the
speed of action potentials
psychology - ANSWER the science of behaviour and mental processes (the goals of
psychology are to understand, explain and predict human behaviour in different
contexts)
biological psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who analyse the biological factors
influencing behaviour and mental processes (also called physiological psychologists)
cognitive psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the mental processes
underlying judgement, decision making, problem-solving, imagining and other aspects
of human thought or cognition (also called experimental psychologists)
developmental psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who seek to understand,
describe and explore how behaviour and mental processes change over a lifetime
personality psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the characteristics that
make individuals similar to or different from one another
clinical and counselling psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who seek to assess,
understand and change abnormal behaviour
community psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who work with communities and
individuals to prevent psychological disorders by striving for change in social systems
health psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the effects of behaviour and
mental processes on health and illness, and vice versa
educational psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study methods by which
instructors teach and students learn, and who apply their results to improving those
methods
school psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who work with teachers and students,
assist in diagnosing students' academic problems, provide counselling to students, and
set up programs to improve students' achievement
social psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study how people influence one
another's behaviour and mental processes, individually and in groups
organisational psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study ways to improve
efficiency, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organisation that
employ them
sport psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who explore the relationships between
athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion
forensic psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate
,defendants' mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving
psychology and the law
environmental psychologists - ANSWER psychologists who study the effects of the
physical environment on behaviour and mental processes
brief history of psychology - ANSWER the founding of modern psychology is usually
marked as 1879
consciousness - ANSWER the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity
structuralism - ANSWER attempting to determine the structure of consciousness
(Wilhelm Wundt, expanded by Edward Titchener)
functionalism - ANSWER attempting to explain psychological processes in terms of the
role or function they play
(John B. Watson)
biological approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology in which behaviour and
behaviour disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those
relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals
evolutionary approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology that emphasises the
inherited, adaptive aspects of behaviour and mental processes
psychodynamic approach - ANSWER a view developed by Freud that emphasises the
interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and
behaviour
behavioural approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology emphasising that human
behaviour is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards
and punishments
cognitive approach - ANSWER a way of looking at human behaviour that emphasises
research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and
retrieves memories, processes information and generated integrated patterns of action
humanistic approach - ANSWER an approach to psychology that views behaviour as
controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their
perceptions of the world
human diversity and psychology - ANSWER psychologists are diverse in their
backgrounds and in their activities (they are increasingly taking into account the
influence of culture and other sociocultural variables)
sociocultural factors - ANSWER social identity and other background factors, such as
gender, ethnicity, social class and culture
culture - ANSWER the accumulation of values, rules of behaviour, forms of expression,
, religious beliefs, occupational choices and the like for a group of people who share a
common language and environment
studying and working in psychology in Australia and New Zealand - ANSWER studying
psychology, regardless of your course of study or intended career destination, should
begin your development of a unique set of capabilities that will be useful in your
personal and professional life
nervous system - ANSWER a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to
allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the
body and to respond appropriately
cells of the nervous system - ANSWER neurons and glial cells
neurons - ANSWER fundamental units of the nervous system; nerve cells (they are
specialised to rapidly respond to signals and to quickly send signals of their own)
glial cells - ANSWER cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help
them communicate with one another
common features of neurons - ANSWER 1. neurons have an outer membrane that acts
like a fine screen, letting some substances pass in and out while blocking others 2.
nervous system cells have a cell body, which contains a nucleus (only red blood cells
have no nucleus). the nucleus carries the genetic information that determines how a cell
will function 3. nervous system cells contain mitochondria, which are structures that
turn oxygen and glucose into energy. this process is especially vital to brain cells
structure of neurons - ANSWER axon, dendrites, synapses
axon - ANSWER fibres that carry signals from the body of a neuron out to where
communication occurs with other neurons
dendrites - ANSWER neuron fibres that receive signals from the axons of other neurons
and carry those signals to the cell body
synapses - ANSWER the tiny gaps between neurons across which they communicate
action potential - ANSWER an abrupt wave of electrochemical changes travelling down
an axon when a neuron becomes depolarised
axon potentials - ANSWER the membranes of neurons normally keep the distribution of
electrically charged ions uneven between the inside of the cells and the outside,
creating an electrochemical force, or potential. the membrane surface of the axon can
transmit a disturbance in this potential, called an action potential, from one end of the
axon to the other. the speed of the action potential is fastest in neurons sheathed in
myelin. between firings, there is a very brief rest, called a refractory period
myelin - ANSWER a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the
speed of action potentials
