PROBIOTICS MCB6424 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
Immunity
The general ability of a host to resist a particular disease/infection
Immunology
The science concerned with immune responses
Nonspecific immune response
Innate; the first line of defense that offers resistance to any foreign material; has no
memory
Specific immune response
Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a specific antigen; has a memory that will cause
second exposure to be dealt with more quickly/effectively
Antigen
A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an ANTIbody GENerator
Hematopoiesis
The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs that mature in the bone
marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that mature outside of the bone
marrow join the adaptive immune system
Erythrocytes
, The most abundant cell found in the blood
Neutrophils
The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic (use granules of lytic enzymes to kill
ingested pathogens)
Lymphocytes
30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells
Monocytes
6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature into macrophages upon
arrival to specific tissues
Eosinophils
3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections
Basophils
1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation
Dendritic cells
Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune system all over the body;
phagocytic; APCs
B-cells
Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which produce antibodies) or
memory cells upon activation by an antigen
T-cells
Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or memory cells upon
activation by an antigen; produce cytokines
Natural killer cells
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
Immunity
The general ability of a host to resist a particular disease/infection
Immunology
The science concerned with immune responses
Nonspecific immune response
Innate; the first line of defense that offers resistance to any foreign material; has no
memory
Specific immune response
Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a specific antigen; has a memory that will cause
second exposure to be dealt with more quickly/effectively
Antigen
A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an ANTIbody GENerator
Hematopoiesis
The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs that mature in the bone
marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that mature outside of the bone
marrow join the adaptive immune system
Erythrocytes
, The most abundant cell found in the blood
Neutrophils
The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic (use granules of lytic enzymes to kill
ingested pathogens)
Lymphocytes
30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells
Monocytes
6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature into macrophages upon
arrival to specific tissues
Eosinophils
3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections
Basophils
1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation
Dendritic cells
Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune system all over the body;
phagocytic; APCs
B-cells
Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which produce antibodies) or
memory cells upon activation by an antigen
T-cells
Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or memory cells upon
activation by an antigen; produce cytokines
Natural killer cells
