TEST BANK FOR
b b
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Childr
b b b b b b b b b b b b
en 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
b b b b b
Chapter 1-49 b
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
b b b
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
b b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbthebcellularbfunctionbofbmetabolicbabsorption?
a. Cellsbcanbproducebproteins.
b. Cellsbcanbsecretebdigestivebenzymes.
c. Cellsbcanbtakebinbandbusebnutrients.
d. Cellsbcanbsynthesizebfats.
ANS:b C
Inbmetabolicbabsorption,ballbcellsbtakebinbandbusebnutrientsbandbotherbsubstancesbfrombtheirbsurro
undings.bThebremainingboptionsbarebnotbinclusivebinbtheirbdescriptionsbofbcellularbmetabolicbabs
orption.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
2. Wherebisbmostbofbabcell’sbgeneticbinformation,bincludingbRNAbandbDNA,bcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:b C
Thebnucleusbcontainsbthebnucleolus,babsmallbdensebstructurebcomposedblargelybofbRNA,bmostbof
bthebcellularbDNA,bandbthebDNA-
bindingbproteins,bsuchbasbthebhistones,bwhichbregulatebitsbactivity.bThebmitochondriabarebrespon
siblebforbcellularbrespirationbandbenergybproduction.
Ribosomes’bchiefbfunctionbisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bLysosomesbfunctio
nbasbthebintracellularbdigestivebsystem.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
3. Whichbcomponentbofbthebcellbproducesbhydrogenbperoxideb(H2O2)bbybusingboxygenbtobremovebh
ydrogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:b B
, Peroxisomesbarebsobnamedbbecausebtheybusuallybcontainbenzymesbthatbuseboxygenbtobremovebhy
drogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreactionbthatbproducesbH2O2,bwhichbisbabp
owerfulboxidantbandbpotentiallybdestructivebifbitbaccumulatesborbescapesbfrombperoxisomes.bRib
osomesbarebRNA-
proteinbcomplexesb(nucleoproteins)bthatbarebsynthesizedbinbthebnucleolusbandbsecretedbintobthebc
ytoplasmbthroughbporesbinbthebnuclearbenvelopebcalledbnuclearbporebcomplexes.bLysosomesbareb
saclikebstructuresbthatboriginatebfrombthebGolgibcomplexbandbcontainbmorebthanb40bdigestiveben
zymesbcalledbhydrolases,bwhichbcatalyzebbondsbinbproteins,blipids,bnucleicbacids,bandbcarbohydr
ates.bAnbendosomebisbabvesicalbthatbhasbbeenbpinchedboffbfrombthebcellularbmembrane.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
4. Whichbcellbcomponentbisbcapablebofbcellularbautodigestionbwhenbitbisbreleasedbduringbcellbi
njury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgibcomplex
c. Smoothbendoplasmicbreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:b D
Theblysosomalbmembranebactsbasbabprotectivebshieldbbetweenbthebpowerfulbdigestivebenzymesb
withinbtheblysosomebandbthebcytoplasm,bpreventingbtheirbleakagebintobthebcytoplasmicbmatrix.b
Disruptionbofbthebmembranebbybvariousbtreatmentsborbcellularbinjurybleadsbtobabreleasebofbthebly
sosomalbenzymes,bwhichbcanbthenbreactbwithbtheirbspecificbsubstrates,bcausingbcellularbself-
bdigestion.bThebchiefbfunctionbofbabribosomebisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bT
hebGolgibcomplexbisbabnetworkbofbflattened,bsmoothbvesiclesbandbmembranesboftenblocatedbnea
rbthebcellbnucleus.bThebsmoothbendoplasmicbreticulumbisbinvolvedbinbsteroidbhormonebproducti
onbandbremovingbtoxicbsubstancesbfrombthebcell.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
5. WhichbcAMP-mediatedbresponsebisbrelatedbtobantidiureticbhormone?
a. Increasedbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction
b. Secretionbofbcortisol
c. Increasedbretentionbofbwater
d. Breakdownbofbfat
ANS:b C
Antidiureticbhormonebleadsbtobincreasedbretentionbofbwaterbinbthebbody.bEpinephrinebcausesbincrease
sbinbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction.bIncreasedbcortisolbsecretionbisbduebtobACTH.bBreakdownbofbf
atbisbduebtobglucagon.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
6. DuringbwhichbphasebofbthebcellbcyclebisbDNAbsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:b B
, Thebfourbdesignatedbphasesbofbthebcellbcyclebare:b(1)bthebG1bphaseb(Gb=bgap),bwhichbisbthebperio
dbbetweenbthebMbphaseb(Mb=bmitosis)bandbthebstartbofbDNAbsynthesis;b(2)bthebSbphaseb(S
=bsynthesis),bduringbwhichbDNAbisbsynthesizedbinbthebcellbnucleus;b(3)bthebG2bphase,bduringbwh
ichbRNAbandbproteinbsynthesisboccurs,bthebperiodbbetweenbthebcompletionbofbDNAbsynthesisba
ndbthebnextbphaseb(M);bandb(4)bthebMbphase,bwhichbincludesbnuclearbandbcytoplasmicbdivision.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
7. Whatborganicbcompoundbfacilitatesbtransportationbacrossbcellbmembranesbbybactingbasbr
eceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolytes,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:b C
Proteinsbhavebseveralbfunctions,bincludingbactingbasbreceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolyte
s,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumpsbLipidsbhelpbactbasbtheb―glue‖bholdingbcellbmembranesbtog
ether.bProteasesbcausebthebbreakdownbofbprotein.bCarbohydratesbarebinvolvedbinbcellularbprotecti
onbandblubricationbandbhelpbproducebenergybviaboxidativebphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
8. Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbofbproteolyticbcascadesbmaybbebusefulbinbdesigningbdrugbt
herapybforbwhichbhumanbdiseases?
a. Cardiacbandbvascularbdisorders
b. Autoimmunebandbmalignantbdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalbandbrenalbdisorders
d. Endocrinebandbgastrointestinalbdisorders
ANS:b B
Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbinvolvedbinbthisbprocessbisbcrucialbforbdesigningbdrugbintervent
ions.bDysregulationbofbproteasesbfeaturesbprominentlybinbmanybhumanbdiseases,bincludingbcanc
er,bautoimmunity,bandbneurodegenerativebdisorders.bCardiac,bvascular,bgastrointestinal,brenal,b
andbendocrinebdisordersbdobnotbinvolvebthisbprocess.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
9. Whichbstructurebpreventsbwater-
solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebplasmabmembrane?
a. Carbohydratebchains
b. Glycoproteinbchannels
c. Membranebchannelbproteins
d. Lipidbbilayer
ANS:b D
, Thebbilayer’sbstructurebaccountsbforbonebofbthebessentialbfunctionsbofbthebplasmabmembrane.bItbi
sbimpermeablebtobmostbwater-
solublebmoleculesb(moleculesbthatbdissolvebinbwater)bbecausebthebwater-
solublebmoleculesbarebinsolublebinbtheboilybcorebregion.bThebbilayerbservesbasbabbarrierbtobthebdif
fusionbofbwaterbandbhydrophilicbsubstancesbwhileballowingblipid-
solublebmolecules,bsuchbasboxygenb(O2)bandbcarbonbdioxideb(CO2),btobdiffusebthroughbitbreadily
.
Carbohydratebchains,bglycoproteinbchannels,bandbmembranebchannelbproteinsbdobnotbpreventb
water-solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebcellbmembrane.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
10. Abstudentbasksbforbanbexplanationbofbthebabsolutebrefractorybperiodbofbthebactionbpotential.b
Whatbresponsebbybthebprofessorbisbbest?
a. Abstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebwillbevokebanotherbresponse.
b. Nobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanotherbresponsebatbthisbtime.
c. Multiplebstimulibcanbproducebmorebrapidbactionbpotentials.
d. Thebhyperpolarizedbstatebmeansbabweakerbstimulusbproducesbabresponse.
ANS:b B
Duringbthebabsolutebrefractorybstatebofbthebactionbpotential,bnobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanothe
rbresponsebfrombthebcell.bAbstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebmaybgeneratebabresponsebinbthebrelativ
ebrefractorybperiod.bThisbperiodbofbtimebisbnotbrelatedbtobthebnumberbofbstimuli.bAbhyperpolarize
dbstatebmeansbabstrongerbthanbnormalbstimulusbwouldbbebneededbtobgeneratebabresponse.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
11. Whichbformbofbcellbcommunicationbisbusedbtobwithinbthebcellbitselfbandbwithbotherbcellsbinbd
irectbphysicalbcontact?
a. Proteinbchannelb(gapbjunction)
b. Plasmabmembrane-boundbsignalingbmolecules
c. Hormonebsecretionbsuchbasbneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularbchemicalbmessengersbsuchbasbligands
ANS:b B
Cellsbcommunicatebinbthreebmainbways;btheybdisplaybplasmabmembrane-
boundbsignalingbmoleculesbthatbaffectbthebcellbitselfbandbotherbcellsbinbdirectbphysicalbcontactbwit
hbit,btheybaffectbreceptorbproteinsbinsidebthebtargetbcell,bandbtheybformbproteinbchannelsb(gapbjunc
tions)bthatbdirectlybcoordinatebthebactivitiesbofbadjacentbcells.bNeurotransmittersbarebreleasedbbyb
neuronsbandbcrossbthebsynapticbcleftbtobcommunicatebwithbthebcellsbtheybinnervate.bLigandsbarebi
nvolvedbinbbindingbprocesses.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
12. Whichbmodebofbchemicalbsignalingbusesbbloodbtobtransportbcommunicationbtobcellsbsomeb
distancebaway?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS:b D
b b
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Childr
b b b b b b b b b b b b
en 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
b b b b b
Chapter 1-49 b
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
b b b
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
b b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbthebcellularbfunctionbofbmetabolicbabsorption?
a. Cellsbcanbproducebproteins.
b. Cellsbcanbsecretebdigestivebenzymes.
c. Cellsbcanbtakebinbandbusebnutrients.
d. Cellsbcanbsynthesizebfats.
ANS:b C
Inbmetabolicbabsorption,ballbcellsbtakebinbandbusebnutrientsbandbotherbsubstancesbfrombtheirbsurro
undings.bThebremainingboptionsbarebnotbinclusivebinbtheirbdescriptionsbofbcellularbmetabolicbabs
orption.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
2. Wherebisbmostbofbabcell’sbgeneticbinformation,bincludingbRNAbandbDNA,bcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:b C
Thebnucleusbcontainsbthebnucleolus,babsmallbdensebstructurebcomposedblargelybofbRNA,bmostbof
bthebcellularbDNA,bandbthebDNA-
bindingbproteins,bsuchbasbthebhistones,bwhichbregulatebitsbactivity.bThebmitochondriabarebrespon
siblebforbcellularbrespirationbandbenergybproduction.
Ribosomes’bchiefbfunctionbisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bLysosomesbfunctio
nbasbthebintracellularbdigestivebsystem.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
3. Whichbcomponentbofbthebcellbproducesbhydrogenbperoxideb(H2O2)bbybusingboxygenbtobremovebh
ydrogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:b B
, Peroxisomesbarebsobnamedbbecausebtheybusuallybcontainbenzymesbthatbuseboxygenbtobremovebhy
drogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreactionbthatbproducesbH2O2,bwhichbisbabp
owerfulboxidantbandbpotentiallybdestructivebifbitbaccumulatesborbescapesbfrombperoxisomes.bRib
osomesbarebRNA-
proteinbcomplexesb(nucleoproteins)bthatbarebsynthesizedbinbthebnucleolusbandbsecretedbintobthebc
ytoplasmbthroughbporesbinbthebnuclearbenvelopebcalledbnuclearbporebcomplexes.bLysosomesbareb
saclikebstructuresbthatboriginatebfrombthebGolgibcomplexbandbcontainbmorebthanb40bdigestiveben
zymesbcalledbhydrolases,bwhichbcatalyzebbondsbinbproteins,blipids,bnucleicbacids,bandbcarbohydr
ates.bAnbendosomebisbabvesicalbthatbhasbbeenbpinchedboffbfrombthebcellularbmembrane.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
4. Whichbcellbcomponentbisbcapablebofbcellularbautodigestionbwhenbitbisbreleasedbduringbcellbi
njury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgibcomplex
c. Smoothbendoplasmicbreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:b D
Theblysosomalbmembranebactsbasbabprotectivebshieldbbetweenbthebpowerfulbdigestivebenzymesb
withinbtheblysosomebandbthebcytoplasm,bpreventingbtheirbleakagebintobthebcytoplasmicbmatrix.b
Disruptionbofbthebmembranebbybvariousbtreatmentsborbcellularbinjurybleadsbtobabreleasebofbthebly
sosomalbenzymes,bwhichbcanbthenbreactbwithbtheirbspecificbsubstrates,bcausingbcellularbself-
bdigestion.bThebchiefbfunctionbofbabribosomebisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bT
hebGolgibcomplexbisbabnetworkbofbflattened,bsmoothbvesiclesbandbmembranesboftenblocatedbnea
rbthebcellbnucleus.bThebsmoothbendoplasmicbreticulumbisbinvolvedbinbsteroidbhormonebproducti
onbandbremovingbtoxicbsubstancesbfrombthebcell.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
5. WhichbcAMP-mediatedbresponsebisbrelatedbtobantidiureticbhormone?
a. Increasedbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction
b. Secretionbofbcortisol
c. Increasedbretentionbofbwater
d. Breakdownbofbfat
ANS:b C
Antidiureticbhormonebleadsbtobincreasedbretentionbofbwaterbinbthebbody.bEpinephrinebcausesbincrease
sbinbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction.bIncreasedbcortisolbsecretionbisbduebtobACTH.bBreakdownbofbf
atbisbduebtobglucagon.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
6. DuringbwhichbphasebofbthebcellbcyclebisbDNAbsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:b B
, Thebfourbdesignatedbphasesbofbthebcellbcyclebare:b(1)bthebG1bphaseb(Gb=bgap),bwhichbisbthebperio
dbbetweenbthebMbphaseb(Mb=bmitosis)bandbthebstartbofbDNAbsynthesis;b(2)bthebSbphaseb(S
=bsynthesis),bduringbwhichbDNAbisbsynthesizedbinbthebcellbnucleus;b(3)bthebG2bphase,bduringbwh
ichbRNAbandbproteinbsynthesisboccurs,bthebperiodbbetweenbthebcompletionbofbDNAbsynthesisba
ndbthebnextbphaseb(M);bandb(4)bthebMbphase,bwhichbincludesbnuclearbandbcytoplasmicbdivision.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
7. Whatborganicbcompoundbfacilitatesbtransportationbacrossbcellbmembranesbbybactingbasbr
eceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolytes,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:b C
Proteinsbhavebseveralbfunctions,bincludingbactingbasbreceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolyte
s,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumpsbLipidsbhelpbactbasbtheb―glue‖bholdingbcellbmembranesbtog
ether.bProteasesbcausebthebbreakdownbofbprotein.bCarbohydratesbarebinvolvedbinbcellularbprotecti
onbandblubricationbandbhelpbproducebenergybviaboxidativebphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
8. Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbofbproteolyticbcascadesbmaybbebusefulbinbdesigningbdrugbt
herapybforbwhichbhumanbdiseases?
a. Cardiacbandbvascularbdisorders
b. Autoimmunebandbmalignantbdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalbandbrenalbdisorders
d. Endocrinebandbgastrointestinalbdisorders
ANS:b B
Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbinvolvedbinbthisbprocessbisbcrucialbforbdesigningbdrugbintervent
ions.bDysregulationbofbproteasesbfeaturesbprominentlybinbmanybhumanbdiseases,bincludingbcanc
er,bautoimmunity,bandbneurodegenerativebdisorders.bCardiac,bvascular,bgastrointestinal,brenal,b
andbendocrinebdisordersbdobnotbinvolvebthisbprocess.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
9. Whichbstructurebpreventsbwater-
solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebplasmabmembrane?
a. Carbohydratebchains
b. Glycoproteinbchannels
c. Membranebchannelbproteins
d. Lipidbbilayer
ANS:b D
, Thebbilayer’sbstructurebaccountsbforbonebofbthebessentialbfunctionsbofbthebplasmabmembrane.bItbi
sbimpermeablebtobmostbwater-
solublebmoleculesb(moleculesbthatbdissolvebinbwater)bbecausebthebwater-
solublebmoleculesbarebinsolublebinbtheboilybcorebregion.bThebbilayerbservesbasbabbarrierbtobthebdif
fusionbofbwaterbandbhydrophilicbsubstancesbwhileballowingblipid-
solublebmolecules,bsuchbasboxygenb(O2)bandbcarbonbdioxideb(CO2),btobdiffusebthroughbitbreadily
.
Carbohydratebchains,bglycoproteinbchannels,bandbmembranebchannelbproteinsbdobnotbpreventb
water-solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebcellbmembrane.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
10. Abstudentbasksbforbanbexplanationbofbthebabsolutebrefractorybperiodbofbthebactionbpotential.b
Whatbresponsebbybthebprofessorbisbbest?
a. Abstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebwillbevokebanotherbresponse.
b. Nobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanotherbresponsebatbthisbtime.
c. Multiplebstimulibcanbproducebmorebrapidbactionbpotentials.
d. Thebhyperpolarizedbstatebmeansbabweakerbstimulusbproducesbabresponse.
ANS:b B
Duringbthebabsolutebrefractorybstatebofbthebactionbpotential,bnobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanothe
rbresponsebfrombthebcell.bAbstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebmaybgeneratebabresponsebinbthebrelativ
ebrefractorybperiod.bThisbperiodbofbtimebisbnotbrelatedbtobthebnumberbofbstimuli.bAbhyperpolarize
dbstatebmeansbabstrongerbthanbnormalbstimulusbwouldbbebneededbtobgeneratebabresponse.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
11. Whichbformbofbcellbcommunicationbisbusedbtobwithinbthebcellbitselfbandbwithbotherbcellsbinbd
irectbphysicalbcontact?
a. Proteinbchannelb(gapbjunction)
b. Plasmabmembrane-boundbsignalingbmolecules
c. Hormonebsecretionbsuchbasbneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularbchemicalbmessengersbsuchbasbligands
ANS:b B
Cellsbcommunicatebinbthreebmainbways;btheybdisplaybplasmabmembrane-
boundbsignalingbmoleculesbthatbaffectbthebcellbitselfbandbotherbcellsbinbdirectbphysicalbcontactbwit
hbit,btheybaffectbreceptorbproteinsbinsidebthebtargetbcell,bandbtheybformbproteinbchannelsb(gapbjunc
tions)bthatbdirectlybcoordinatebthebactivitiesbofbadjacentbcells.bNeurotransmittersbarebreleasedbbyb
neuronsbandbcrossbthebsynapticbcleftbtobcommunicatebwithbthebcellsbtheybinnervate.bLigandsbarebi
nvolvedbinbbindingbprocesses.
DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering
12. Whichbmodebofbchemicalbsignalingbusesbbloodbtobtransportbcommunicationbtobcellsbsomeb
distancebaway?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS:b D
