Test Bank for Microbiology The Human Experience 2nd Edition By John W. Foster; Zarrintaj Aliabadi;

Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2n
m m m m m m m



d Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L S
m m m m m m m m m m



lonczewski
Whatmismthemconceptmofmspontaneousmgeneration?m-
mANSWERmmmlivingmorganismsmcouldmdevelopmfrommnonlivingmormdecomposingmmatter




Whomchallengedmthemconceptmofmspontaneousmgenerationmbymshowingmthatmmaggotsm
onmdecayingmmeatmcamemfrommflies,mnotmfrommthemmeatmitself?m-
mANSWERmmmFrancescomRedi




Whomshowedmthatmmuttonmbrothmboiledminmflasksmandmthenmsealedmcouldmstillmdevelopm
microorganisms,mwhichmsupportedmthemtheorymofmspontaneousmgeneration?m-
mANSWERmmmJohnmNeedham




Whomshowedmthatmflasksmsealedmandmthenmboiledmhadmnomgrowthmofmmicroorganisms?
m-mANSWERmmmLazzaro mSpallanzani




Whomproposedmthatmairmcarriedmgerms?m-mANSWERmmmSpallanzani

Whomdisprovedmthemtheorymofmspontaneousmgeneration?m-mANSWERmmmLouismPasteur

Whomdemonstratedmthatmdustmcarriedmmicrobesmandmprovedmevidencemformthemexisten
cemofmheat-mresistantmformsmofmbacteria?m-mANSWERmmmJohnmTyndall

Whomshowedmthatmamsilkwormmdiseasemwasmcausedmbymamfungus?m-
mANSWERmmmAgostinomBassi




WhomdemonstratedmthatmthemGreatmPotatomBlightmwasmcausedmbymamwatermmold?m-
mANSWERmmmM.mJ.mBerkely




Whomshowedmthatmthempebrinemdiseasemofmsilkwormsmwasmcausedmbymamprotozoanmpar
asite?m-mANSWERmmmLouismPasteur

Whomdevelopedmamsystemmofmsurgerymdesignedmtompreventmmicroorganismsmfromment
eringmwounds?m-mANSWERmmmJohnmLister

Whomtransformedmthempracticemofmsurgery?m-mANSWERmmmJohnmLister

WhomestablishedmthemrelationshipmbetweenmBacillusmanthracismandmanthrax?m-
mANSWERmmmRobertmKoch




WhatmaremthemKochmPostulates?m-
mANSWERmmm1.Themmicroorganismsmmustmbempresentminmeverymcasemofmthemdiseasemb

utmabsentmfrommhealthymindividualsm
2.Themsuspectedmmicroorganismsmmustmbemisolatedmandmgrownminmpuremculturem

,3.mThemsamemdiseasemmustmresultmwhenmthemisolatedmmicroorganismmisminoculatedmint
omamhealthymhostm
4.mThemsamemmicroorganismmmustmbemisolatedmagainmfrommthemdiseasedmhost

LimitationsmofmKoch'smPostulatesm-mANSWERmmm-
Somemorganismsmcannotmbemgrownminmpuremculture
-Usingmhumansminmcompletingmthempostulatesmismunethical
-Molecularmandmgeneticmevidencemmaymreplace

WhatmvaccinationmdidmEdwardmJennermmake?m-mANSWERmmmsmallpoxmvaccination

WhatmvaccinationsmdidmPasteurmproduce?m-
mANSWERmmmchickenmcholera,mrabiesmandmanthrax




Whominducedmformationmofmdippedmtoxin-antitoxinsmrabbitsm-
mANSWERmmmEmilmvonmBehringmandmShibasaburomKitasato




Whomshowedmthatmthemsilkwormmdiseasemwasmcausedmbymfungus?m-mANSWERmmmBassi

WhomdemonstratedmthatmthemGreatmPotatomBlightmofmIrelandmwasmcausedmbymamwaterm
mold?m-mANSWERmmmM.J.mBerkeley

Whomshowedmthatmthemperbrinemdiseasemofmsilkwormsmwasmcausedmbymamprotozoanmpa
rasite?m-mANSWERmmmLouismPasteur

Amsimplemmorphologymandmlackmamtruemmembrane-delimitedmnucleusm-
mANSWERmmmprokaryotes




Whatmismammorphologicallymcomplexmandmhasmammembrane-enclosedmnucleus?m-
mANSWERmmmEucaryotes




Whatmletmtomthemdiscoverymofmvirusesmasmdiseasemcausingmagents?m-
mANSWERmmmbacterialmfiltermthatmremovedmbacteriamandmlargermmicrobesm(CharlesmCha

mberland)

Themfivemkingdommclassificationmschememism-
mANSWERmmmthemMoneramormProcaryotae,mProtista,mFungi,mAnimalia,mandmPlantae




Whatmaremribozymes?m-
mANSWERmmmRNAmmoleculesmthatmformmpeptidembondsmandmperformmcellularmworkmand

mreplication




Themthreemdomainmschememism-mANSWERmmmBacteria,mArchaea,mandmEucarya

Themthreemdomainmschememismbasedmon?m-
mANSWERmmmamcomparaisonmofmribosomalmRNA




Themearliestmcellsmmaymhavembeenm-mANSWERmmmRNAmsurroundedmbymliposomes

Whatmaremthemthreembacterialmmorphology?m-mANSWERmmm-bacillusm(littlemrod)

,-coccusm(grainmormberry)
-spirillumm(coiledmormhelical)

Whatmaremthemtypesmofmlightmmicroscopes?m-mANSWERmmm-bright-fieldmmicroscope
-dark-fieldmmicroscope
-phase-contrastmmicroscope
-fluorescencemmicroscopes

Whatmismammeasuremofmhowmgreatlymamsubstancemslowsmthemvelocitymofmlight?m-
mANSWERmmmRefractivemindex




Themdirectionmandmmagnitudemofmbendingmlightminmammicroscopemismdeterminedmbymthem
_____m-mANSWERmmmrefractivemindexesmofmthemtwommediamformingmtheminterface

Whichmmicroscopemproducesmamdarkmimagemagainstmambrightermbackground?m-
mANSWERmmmthembright-fieldmmicroscope




Whatmismthemproductmofmthemmagnificationsmofmthemocularmlensmandmthemobjectivemlens?
m-mANSWERmmmthemtotalmmagnification




Whatmismthemtotalmmagnificationmofmthembrightmfield,mdarkmfield,mandmphase-
contrastmmicroscopes?m-mANSWERmmm2000x

Whatmismthemtotalmresolutionmofmthembrightmfield,mdarkmfield,mandmphasemcontrastmmicros
copes?m-mANSWERmmm0.2um

Whatmismthempurposemofmthembrightmfieldmmicroscope?m-
mANSWERmmmformlivemandmpreservedmstainedmspecimens




Whatmismthempurposemofmthemdarkmfieldmmicroscope?m-
mANSWERmmmtomobservemliving,munstainedmpreparations




Whichmmicroscopesmaremgoodmformobservingmlivingmcells?m-mANSWERmmm-
ThemDifferentialmInterferencemContrastmMicroscope
-Phase-contrastmmicroscope

Whichmmicroscopemenhancesmthemcontrastmbetweenmintracellularmstructuresmhavingmsli
ghtmdifferencesminmthemrefractivemindex?m-mANSWERmmmphase-contrastmmicroscope

Whichmmicroscopemshowsmambrightmimagemofmthemobjectmresultingmfrommthemfluorescen
tmlightmemittedmbymthemspecimen?m-mANSWERmmmthemfluorescencemmicroscope

Themfluorescencemmicroscopemexposesmthemspecimenmtomwhatmtypesmofmlight?m-
mANSWERmmmuv,mviolet,mormblue




Themdistancembetweenmthemcentermofmthemlensmandmfocalmpoint?m-
mANSWERmmmfocalmlength




Themshortermthemfocalmpoint,mthem______mthemmagnificationm-mANSWERmmmgreater

, Themshortermthemwavelength,mthem______mthemresolutionm-mANSWERmmmgreater

Themdistancembetweenmthemfrontmsurfacemofmlensmandmsurfacemofmcovermglassmonmspeci
menm-mANSWERmmmWorkingmdistance

Asmthemworkingmdistancemdecrease,mthemfieldmofmviewm_____m-mANSWERmmmdecrease

Asmthemfieldmofmviewmdecrease,mthemlightmgetsm____m-mANSWERmmmdimmer

Whatmismthempurposemofmaddingmthemimmersionmoil?m-
mANSWERmmmtomobtainmmoremlightmbymprovidingmthemsamemrefractionmenergymasmglass




Asmthemmagnificationmincreases,mwhatmhappensmtomthemfocalmlength?m-
mANSWERmmmitmdecrease




Whatmismthemchargemofmambacteriamcellmsurface?m-mANSWERmmmnegativemcharge

Whatmismthemchargemofmbasicmdyes?m-mANSWERmmmpositivemcharge

Whatmismthemchargemofmacidmdyes?m-mANSWERmmmnegativemcharge

Amthin,muniformmfilmmofmbacterialmgrowthmonmamglassmslideminmordermtomproceedmwithmfurt
hermstainingmformmicroscopicmexaminationm-mANSWERmmmsmear

Themprocessmbymwhichmorganismmismkilledmandmfirmlymattachedmtommicroscopemslidem-
mANSWERmmmfixation




Heatmfixationmvs.mChemicalmfixingm(notmthemprocedure)m-mANSWERmmm-
heatmfixationmpreservesmoverallmshapembutmnotminternalmstructures
-
chemicalmfixingmprotectsmfinemcellularmstructuremandmshapemofmlarger,mmoremdelicatemor
ganisms

Whatminformationmdoesmdifferentialmstainingmprovide?m-
mANSWERmmmdividesmmicroorganismsmintomgroupsmbasedmonmtheirmstainingmproperties




Whatmismthemmostmwidelymusedmdifferentialmstainingmprocedure?m-
mANSWERmmmgrammstaining




Negativemstainingm-
mANSWERmmmthembacteriamismnotmstained;mthembackgroundmismstained




Whatmismshadowingminmelectronmmicroscopy?m-
mANSWERmmmcoatingmspecimenmwithmamthinmfilmmofmheavymmetal




WhatmismthemtotalmmagnificationmofmthemTransmissionmElectronmMicroscopemandmthemSc
anningmElectronmMicroscope?m-mANSWERmmm1,000,000x

WhatmismthemtotalmmagnificationmofmthemScanningmElectronmMicroscope?m-
mANSWERmmm1,000,000x