Test Bank For Prescott's Microbiology, 12th E
b b b b b b
dition By Joanne Willey b b b
Cellular Microbes - ANSWER> -b b b b
smaller than 1mm in diameter b b b b
-often unicellular b
- if multicellular, lack differentiated tissues
b b b b b
pathogenicity - ANSWER> the method of causing disease b b b b b b b
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER> - b b b b
have an open floor plan, contents are not divided into com
b b b b b b b b b b
partments by membranes b b
-don't have membrane-b b
delimited nucleus as in eukaryotic cells
b b b b b
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER> -have a nucleus
b b b b b b
-have membrane- b
bound organelles that separate some cellular materials an
b b b b b b b
d processes from others
b b b
Bacteria - ANSWER> -usually single-
b b b b
celled organisms with peptidoglycan
b b b
-
break down dead plant and animal material, in doing so, cyc
b b b b b b b b b b
le elements into biosphere
b b b
Microbiome - ANSWER> -the bacteria living in humans b b b b b b b
,Archaea - b
ANSWER> distinguished from bacteria by several features:
b b b b b b b
-distinctive rRNA sequences b b
-lack of peptidoglycan in cell wall
b b b b b
-unique membrane lipids b b
some have unusual characteristics, like methanogens
b b b b b
thermophiles - ANSWER> - b b b
archaea living in extremely high temperatures
b b b b b
extreme halophiles - ANSWER> - b b b b
archaea living in extremely high salt concentrations
b b b b b b
Eukarya - ANSWER> - b b b
microorganisms classified as protists or fungi, animals and b b b b b b b b
plants are also placed in this domain
b b b b b b
Proteins - ANSWER> - b b b
have to major roles in modern cells: structural and catalytic
b b b b b b b b b
-
catalytic proteins are called enzymes, they speed up the ch
b b b b b b b b b
emical reactions within cells
b b b
DNA and RNA - ANSWER> -
b b b b b
DNA stores herditary information and can be replicated to
b b b b b b b b b
pass information onto the next generation
b b b b b
,-
RNA is involved in converting the information stored in DN
b b b b b b b b b
A into protein
b b
-Catalytic RNA molecules are called ribozymes
b b b b b
3 Eukaryotic Organelles (endosymbiotic hypothesis) -
b b b b b
ANSWER> -mitochondria
b b
-chloroplasts
-hydrogenosomes
Endosymbiosis - ANSWER> - b b b
an interaction between two organisms in which one organi
b b b b b b b b
sm lives inside the other
b b b b
Medical Microbiology - ANSWER> -b b b b
deals with diseases of humans and animals
b b b b b b
-study the way microorganisms cause disease
b b b b b
Public Health Microbiology - ANSWER> -
b b b b b
concerned with the control and spread of epidemics
b b b b b b b
Immunology - ANSWER> - b b b
deals with the nature and treatment of allergies and autoi
b b b b b b b b b
mmune diseases (i.e. arthritis) b b b
Microbial Ecology - ANSWER> - b b b b
involves researchers who are employing microorganisms i
b b b b b b
n bioremediation to reduce pollution
b b b b
, Agriculutural Microbiology - ANSWER> - b b b b
a field related to both meical microbiology and microbial ec
b b b b b b b b b
ology
Industrial Microbiologists - ANSWER> - b b b b
use microorganisms to make products such as vaccines, ste
b b b b b b b b
roids, alcohols and other solvents, vitamins, amino acids, a
b b b b b b b b
nd enzymes
b
algae - ANSWER> - b b b
photosynthetic protists, produce about 75% of the planet' b b b b b b b
s oxygen, foundation of aquatic food chains, can produce t
b b b b b b b b b
oxins (can enter filter feeders and thus humans)
b b b b b b b
algal blooms - ANSWER> -
b b b b
high concentrations of algae in a certain season, current pr
b b b b b b b b b
oblem in the west b b b
protozoa - ANSWER> -unicellular, animal- b b b b
like protists, usually motile, many function as the principal
b b b b b b b b b
hunters and grazers of the microbial world (ingest organic
b b b b b b b b b
matter and other microbes), few cause disease (parasitic)
b b b b b b b
slime molds - ANSWER> - b b b b
protists that behave like protozoa in one stage of their life c
b b b b b b b b b b b
ycle but like fungi in another stage (protozoa phase-
b b b b b b b b
hunt for and engulf food
b b b b b
b b b b b b
dition By Joanne Willey b b b
Cellular Microbes - ANSWER> -b b b b
smaller than 1mm in diameter b b b b
-often unicellular b
- if multicellular, lack differentiated tissues
b b b b b
pathogenicity - ANSWER> the method of causing disease b b b b b b b
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER> - b b b b
have an open floor plan, contents are not divided into com
b b b b b b b b b b
partments by membranes b b
-don't have membrane-b b
delimited nucleus as in eukaryotic cells
b b b b b
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER> -have a nucleus
b b b b b b
-have membrane- b
bound organelles that separate some cellular materials an
b b b b b b b
d processes from others
b b b
Bacteria - ANSWER> -usually single-
b b b b
celled organisms with peptidoglycan
b b b
-
break down dead plant and animal material, in doing so, cyc
b b b b b b b b b b
le elements into biosphere
b b b
Microbiome - ANSWER> -the bacteria living in humans b b b b b b b
,Archaea - b
ANSWER> distinguished from bacteria by several features:
b b b b b b b
-distinctive rRNA sequences b b
-lack of peptidoglycan in cell wall
b b b b b
-unique membrane lipids b b
some have unusual characteristics, like methanogens
b b b b b
thermophiles - ANSWER> - b b b
archaea living in extremely high temperatures
b b b b b
extreme halophiles - ANSWER> - b b b b
archaea living in extremely high salt concentrations
b b b b b b
Eukarya - ANSWER> - b b b
microorganisms classified as protists or fungi, animals and b b b b b b b b
plants are also placed in this domain
b b b b b b
Proteins - ANSWER> - b b b
have to major roles in modern cells: structural and catalytic
b b b b b b b b b
-
catalytic proteins are called enzymes, they speed up the ch
b b b b b b b b b
emical reactions within cells
b b b
DNA and RNA - ANSWER> -
b b b b b
DNA stores herditary information and can be replicated to
b b b b b b b b b
pass information onto the next generation
b b b b b
,-
RNA is involved in converting the information stored in DN
b b b b b b b b b
A into protein
b b
-Catalytic RNA molecules are called ribozymes
b b b b b
3 Eukaryotic Organelles (endosymbiotic hypothesis) -
b b b b b
ANSWER> -mitochondria
b b
-chloroplasts
-hydrogenosomes
Endosymbiosis - ANSWER> - b b b
an interaction between two organisms in which one organi
b b b b b b b b
sm lives inside the other
b b b b
Medical Microbiology - ANSWER> -b b b b
deals with diseases of humans and animals
b b b b b b
-study the way microorganisms cause disease
b b b b b
Public Health Microbiology - ANSWER> -
b b b b b
concerned with the control and spread of epidemics
b b b b b b b
Immunology - ANSWER> - b b b
deals with the nature and treatment of allergies and autoi
b b b b b b b b b
mmune diseases (i.e. arthritis) b b b
Microbial Ecology - ANSWER> - b b b b
involves researchers who are employing microorganisms i
b b b b b b
n bioremediation to reduce pollution
b b b b
, Agriculutural Microbiology - ANSWER> - b b b b
a field related to both meical microbiology and microbial ec
b b b b b b b b b
ology
Industrial Microbiologists - ANSWER> - b b b b
use microorganisms to make products such as vaccines, ste
b b b b b b b b
roids, alcohols and other solvents, vitamins, amino acids, a
b b b b b b b b
nd enzymes
b
algae - ANSWER> - b b b
photosynthetic protists, produce about 75% of the planet' b b b b b b b
s oxygen, foundation of aquatic food chains, can produce t
b b b b b b b b b
oxins (can enter filter feeders and thus humans)
b b b b b b b
algal blooms - ANSWER> -
b b b b
high concentrations of algae in a certain season, current pr
b b b b b b b b b
oblem in the west b b b
protozoa - ANSWER> -unicellular, animal- b b b b
like protists, usually motile, many function as the principal
b b b b b b b b b
hunters and grazers of the microbial world (ingest organic
b b b b b b b b b
matter and other microbes), few cause disease (parasitic)
b b b b b b b
slime molds - ANSWER> - b b b b
protists that behave like protozoa in one stage of their life c
b b b b b b b b b b b
ycle but like fungi in another stage (protozoa phase-
b b b b b b b b
hunt for and engulf food
b b b b b
