Understandingn
Pathophysiology
n6thnEditionnH
uethernTestnBa
nk.
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology
Huethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoil
ednDNAnwithnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstu
dent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithi
nnitsnnucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencalle
dnanprokaryotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:n n p.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnth
ennursendescribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnut
rientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D NURSINGTB.COM
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunication
nabilityninvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesn
nutrition,nandnsecretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:n n p.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwould
nmostnofnthengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribo
nucleicnacid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochon
drianisnassociatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinn
manufacturing.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:n n p.n2
NURSINGTB.COM
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
4. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissol
vingnthenlayernitself?
a. Peripheralnmembranenproteins
b. Integralnmembranenproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionnmolecules
ANS:n B
Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofni
ntegralnmembranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresi
denatnthensurfacenwhilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.n
Glycoproteinnmarksncellsnandndoesnnotnfloat.
REF:n n p.n7
5. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicnlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembr
ane.
REF:n n p.n9
6. Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatnalternati
onninnthenextracellularnmatrixnwouldns uNp p oRr t nt hIe ndG
iagnBo.
siC
snofM
metastaticncancer?
a. Decreasednfibronectin
UnSnNnT O
b. Increasedncollagen
c. Decreasednelastin
d. Increasednglycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallo
wingnthemntontravelnornmetastasize.
REF:n n p.n10
7. Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectnphysicalnco
ntact?
a. Cellnjunction
b. Gapnjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightnjunction
ANS:n A
Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitnmoleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.
Gapnjunctionsnallownforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorn
tightnjunctionsnarenassociatednwithncellularncommunication.
REF:n n p.n11
NURSINGTB.COM
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
8. Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneigh
boringnalphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthenfollowingnsignalingnt
ypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinensignalingninvolvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatnarenquicklyntak
ennup,ndestroyed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthense
cretionnofnglucagon.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwith
nanlocalnchemicalnmediatornlikeninsulin.
REF:n n p.n12
9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanp
roductnofnthenreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetween
nannenzymenandnanynofnthenremainingnoptions.
REF:n n p.n
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandnunablentoncontr
act.nThenathletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThennurse’snresponsenisnbasednonnt
henknowledgenthatnthenproblemnisnresultnofnandeficiencynof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:n C
WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsn
areninvolvedninnmusclencontraction.
REF:n n p.n16
11. WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacidncycle
ANS:n D
WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,nmostnofnthen
ATPnisngeneratednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.
NURSINGTB.COM
Pathophysiology
n6thnEditionnH
uethernTestnBa
nk.
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology
Huethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoil
ednDNAnwithnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstu
dent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithi
nnitsnnucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencalle
dnanprokaryotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:n n p.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnth
ennursendescribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnut
rientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D NURSINGTB.COM
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunication
nabilityninvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesn
nutrition,nandnsecretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:n n p.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwould
nmostnofnthengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribo
nucleicnacid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochon
drianisnassociatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinn
manufacturing.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:n n p.n2
NURSINGTB.COM
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
4. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissol
vingnthenlayernitself?
a. Peripheralnmembranenproteins
b. Integralnmembranenproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionnmolecules
ANS:n B
Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofni
ntegralnmembranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresi
denatnthensurfacenwhilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.n
Glycoproteinnmarksncellsnandndoesnnotnfloat.
REF:n n p.n7
5. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicnlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembr
ane.
REF:n n p.n9
6. Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatnalternati
onninnthenextracellularnmatrixnwouldns uNp p oRr t nt hIe ndG
iagnBo.
siC
snofM
metastaticncancer?
a. Decreasednfibronectin
UnSnNnT O
b. Increasedncollagen
c. Decreasednelastin
d. Increasednglycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallo
wingnthemntontravelnornmetastasize.
REF:n n p.n10
7. Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectnphysicalnco
ntact?
a. Cellnjunction
b. Gapnjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightnjunction
ANS:n A
Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitnmoleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.
Gapnjunctionsnallownforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorn
tightnjunctionsnarenassociatednwithncellularncommunication.
REF:n n p.n11
NURSINGTB.COM
, UnderstandingnPathophysiologyn6thnEditionnHuethernTestnB
ank
8. Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneigh
boringnalphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthenfollowingnsignalingnt
ypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinensignalingninvolvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatnarenquicklyntak
ennup,ndestroyed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthense
cretionnofnglucagon.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwith
nanlocalnchemicalnmediatornlikeninsulin.
REF:n n p.n12
9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanp
roductnofnthenreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetween
nannenzymenandnanynofnthenremainingnoptions.
REF:n n p.n
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandnunablentoncontr
act.nThenathletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThennurse’snresponsenisnbasednonnt
henknowledgenthatnthenproblemnisnresultnofnandeficiencynof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:n C
WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsn
areninvolvedninnmusclencontraction.
REF:n n p.n16
11. WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacidncycle
ANS:n D
WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,nmostnofnthen
ATPnisngeneratednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.
NURSINGTB.COM
