,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgArchaeologygandgHumanity'sgStorygBriefgIntr
oductiongtogWorldgPrehistoryg2ndgEditiongOlszewski
1
ArchaeologygandgHumanity’sgStory:
AgBriefgIntroductiongtogWorldgPrehistory
Chapterg2:gHumanity’sgRoots
ChaptergOutline
AgWordgaboutgClassification
Timeline:gEarlygHominins
BipedalismgandgthegEarliestgHominins
WhygIsgBipedalismgImportant?
AdvantagesgofgBipedalismgOrigi
nsgofgBipedalism
EvolutionarygProcesses
“Cousins”gingthegEarlygHominingLineage
ToolgUsegandgManufacture
StonegTools
PeoplinggthegPast:gCulturegingthegPrehistoricgRecord
WhichgHomininsgMadegandgUsedgStonegTools
ThegBiggPicture:gOldowangIndustrialgComplex
EarlygHominingCulture
PeoplinggthegPast:gHuntinggversusgScavenging
Summary
Endnote
g
s
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgArchaeologygandgHumanity'sgStorygBriefgIntr
oductiongtogWorldgPrehistoryg2ndgEditiongOlszewski
2
KeygTermsgandgDefinitions
Ardipithecusgramidus:gagfossilghominingfromg4.4gmilliongyearsgagogingEastgAfrica,gthisgspeciesgh
asgsomegskeletalgfeaturesgindicatinggagtrendgtowardgbipedalismgbutgalsogape-
likegfeaturesgsuchgasglonggarmsgandgaggraspinggfoot.gSimilargbodygsizegandgreducedgsizegofgtheg
caninesgingmalesgandgfemalesghasgbeenginterpretedgasgpossiblegevidencegforgmonogamousgpair
-
bonding,greducedgaggressiongbetweengmales,gandggreaterginvestmentgofgmalesgingraisinggoffsp
ring.
Australopithecusgafarensis:gagfossilghominingdatinggbetweeng3.7gandg3gmilliongyearsgagogingEa
stgAfrica.gItgwasgaghabitualgbipedgbutgstillgretainedgtheglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbonesgthat
garegape-likegtraits.gTheregisgsomegevidencegindicatinggsexualgdimorphism.
Australopithecusgafricanus:gagfossilghominingknowngfromgSouthgAfricagingthegintervalgbetween
gaboutg3.3gandg2.5gmilliongyearsgago.gAlthoughgitgwasgaghabitualgbiped,gtheregaregsomegfeature
sgofgthegbiggtoegandgkneegthatgsuggestgthesegareasgofgthegskeletongweregstillgsomewhatgape-
like.gLikegotherggracilegaustralopiths,gitgalsoghadglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbones,gindicatingg
thatgitgspentgatgleastgsomegofgitsgtimegingthegtrees.
Australopithecusgsediba:gagfossilgfromgSouthgAfricagdatinggbetweeng1.95gandg1.78gmilliongyearsg
ago.gItghasgsomegtypicalgaustralopithgfeaturesgsuchgasglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbones,gasgwel
lgasgagsmallgbraingsize.gHowever,gitsgskeletongalsogshowsgfeaturesgthatgaregmoreglikegtheggenusgH
omo,gsuchgasgsmallergmolars,glackgofgflaringgcheekgbones,gandgitsgbipedalgstructure.
Australopiths:gaggenericgtermgforgthegsubtribegtaxonomicgcategorygofgAustralopithecina;gitgincl
udesggeneragsuchgasgSahelanthropus,gArdipithecus,gAustralopithecus,gandgParanthropus.
Bipedal:gthegusegofgtheglowerglimbsg(legs)gtogmovegaroundgwhengwalkinggorgrunning.
Chimpanzee-
humanglastgcommongancestor:galsogknowngasgthegLCA,gisgthegancestorgofgbothghominingandgpa
ninglines.gThegLCAgisgbelievedgtoghaveglivedg6.3g–g5.4gmilliongyearsgago.
FLKg22gSite:gangimportantgarchaeologicalgandghominingfossilgsitegingTanzaniag(Africa)gthatgprod
ucedgremainsgofgParanthropusgandgHomoghabilis,gasgwellgasgagwell-
preservedganimalgbonegassemblagegandgflakedgstonegartifacts.
ForamengMagnum:gthegopeninggingthegskullgwheregthegspinalgcolumngjoinsgtheghead.gThegposi
tiongofgthegforamengmagnumgcangbegusedgtogdeterminegifgagfossilgspeciesgwasgagbipedgorgagqua
druped.
GenegFlow:gangevolutionarygprocessgingwhichginterbreedinggbetweengneighboringgpopulations
gallowsggenesgfromgonegpopulationgtogentergtheggenegpoolgofganothergpopulation;goverggeogr
aphicalgspace,gthisgtransmissiongofggenesgfromgoneggroupgtoganothergmaintainsgsimilaritygingth
mynursytest.store
, eggeneticgstructuregofgpopulationsgthatgaregwidelygseparatedgfromgoneganother.
mynursytest.store
oductiongtogWorldgPrehistoryg2ndgEditiongOlszewski
1
ArchaeologygandgHumanity’sgStory:
AgBriefgIntroductiongtogWorldgPrehistory
Chapterg2:gHumanity’sgRoots
ChaptergOutline
AgWordgaboutgClassification
Timeline:gEarlygHominins
BipedalismgandgthegEarliestgHominins
WhygIsgBipedalismgImportant?
AdvantagesgofgBipedalismgOrigi
nsgofgBipedalism
EvolutionarygProcesses
“Cousins”gingthegEarlygHominingLineage
ToolgUsegandgManufacture
StonegTools
PeoplinggthegPast:gCulturegingthegPrehistoricgRecord
WhichgHomininsgMadegandgUsedgStonegTools
ThegBiggPicture:gOldowangIndustrialgComplex
EarlygHominingCulture
PeoplinggthegPast:gHuntinggversusgScavenging
Summary
Endnote
g
s
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgArchaeologygandgHumanity'sgStorygBriefgIntr
oductiongtogWorldgPrehistoryg2ndgEditiongOlszewski
2
KeygTermsgandgDefinitions
Ardipithecusgramidus:gagfossilghominingfromg4.4gmilliongyearsgagogingEastgAfrica,gthisgspeciesgh
asgsomegskeletalgfeaturesgindicatinggagtrendgtowardgbipedalismgbutgalsogape-
likegfeaturesgsuchgasglonggarmsgandgaggraspinggfoot.gSimilargbodygsizegandgreducedgsizegofgtheg
caninesgingmalesgandgfemalesghasgbeenginterpretedgasgpossiblegevidencegforgmonogamousgpair
-
bonding,greducedgaggressiongbetweengmales,gandggreaterginvestmentgofgmalesgingraisinggoffsp
ring.
Australopithecusgafarensis:gagfossilghominingdatinggbetweeng3.7gandg3gmilliongyearsgagogingEa
stgAfrica.gItgwasgaghabitualgbipedgbutgstillgretainedgtheglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbonesgthat
garegape-likegtraits.gTheregisgsomegevidencegindicatinggsexualgdimorphism.
Australopithecusgafricanus:gagfossilghominingknowngfromgSouthgAfricagingthegintervalgbetween
gaboutg3.3gandg2.5gmilliongyearsgago.gAlthoughgitgwasgaghabitualgbiped,gtheregaregsomegfeature
sgofgthegbiggtoegandgkneegthatgsuggestgthesegareasgofgthegskeletongweregstillgsomewhatgape-
like.gLikegotherggracilegaustralopiths,gitgalsoghadglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbones,gindicatingg
thatgitgspentgatgleastgsomegofgitsgtimegingthegtrees.
Australopithecusgsediba:gagfossilgfromgSouthgAfricagdatinggbetweeng1.95gandg1.78gmilliongyearsg
ago.gItghasgsomegtypicalgaustralopithgfeaturesgsuchgasglonggarmsgandgcurvedgfingergbones,gasgwel
lgasgagsmallgbraingsize.gHowever,gitsgskeletongalsogshowsgfeaturesgthatgaregmoreglikegtheggenusgH
omo,gsuchgasgsmallergmolars,glackgofgflaringgcheekgbones,gandgitsgbipedalgstructure.
Australopiths:gaggenericgtermgforgthegsubtribegtaxonomicgcategorygofgAustralopithecina;gitgincl
udesggeneragsuchgasgSahelanthropus,gArdipithecus,gAustralopithecus,gandgParanthropus.
Bipedal:gthegusegofgtheglowerglimbsg(legs)gtogmovegaroundgwhengwalkinggorgrunning.
Chimpanzee-
humanglastgcommongancestor:galsogknowngasgthegLCA,gisgthegancestorgofgbothghominingandgpa
ninglines.gThegLCAgisgbelievedgtoghaveglivedg6.3g–g5.4gmilliongyearsgago.
FLKg22gSite:gangimportantgarchaeologicalgandghominingfossilgsitegingTanzaniag(Africa)gthatgprod
ucedgremainsgofgParanthropusgandgHomoghabilis,gasgwellgasgagwell-
preservedganimalgbonegassemblagegandgflakedgstonegartifacts.
ForamengMagnum:gthegopeninggingthegskullgwheregthegspinalgcolumngjoinsgtheghead.gThegposi
tiongofgthegforamengmagnumgcangbegusedgtogdeterminegifgagfossilgspeciesgwasgagbipedgorgagqua
druped.
GenegFlow:gangevolutionarygprocessgingwhichginterbreedinggbetweengneighboringgpopulations
gallowsggenesgfromgonegpopulationgtogentergtheggenegpoolgofganothergpopulation;goverggeogr
aphicalgspace,gthisgtransmissiongofggenesgfromgoneggroupgtoganothergmaintainsgsimilaritygingth
mynursytest.store
, eggeneticgstructuregofgpopulationsgthatgaregwidelygseparatedgfromgoneganother.
mynursytest.store
