Cell biology
Semester one
. -
⑮
......
, Characteristics of living things
1. made of
Cells
2. Use and need
energy
3. Adapted to their surroundings
4. Reactto changes
5. Grow and develop
6. Based universal code
on a
genetic
7. Homeostasis
8.Reproduce
Autotrophs:energy directly from sun
eg. plants
Heterotrophs:energy stored
during photosynthesis
Prokaryotic:No nucleus or membrane bound
organelles.
eg. bacteria, cyanobacteria.
Eukaryotic. Has and
a nucleus
organelles
eg. plants, animals
, Classification
Classification systems are used to collect, sort and
group information about organisms. And to compare and
identity them.
Various classification schemes have been used to
identify living organisms :
Artifical: Based on non-predictive features.
Easy to develop and relatively
stable. Don’t consider species
relatedness and not commonly
used
Natural: Based on evolution relationships.
Phylogenetic: Based on genetic features
3 ways to
categorise:
Domain: Archal, Bacteria,
Eukaryota
-
-
Structural Characteristics
Embryology
-
, Methods of classification
1. Structural Characteristics.:
Historically classification was based on morphological differences. closely
related species are expected to possess similar structure features.
However, there are two main caveats using structural data:
Homologous: Different
evolution
features. Due to divergent
Lizard, bird wing
Analogous: Similar features. Due to convergent
evolution Fish, penguin
Fin
2.
Embryology: The study of the embryonic
development of different organisms.
Looks for the structural similarities, genetic, etc
chicken.
e.g. human, pig,
3. Domain: Based on differences in the structure of the
cells and type of molecules that they contain.
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya
Semester one
. -
⑮
......
, Characteristics of living things
1. made of
Cells
2. Use and need
energy
3. Adapted to their surroundings
4. Reactto changes
5. Grow and develop
6. Based universal code
on a
genetic
7. Homeostasis
8.Reproduce
Autotrophs:energy directly from sun
eg. plants
Heterotrophs:energy stored
during photosynthesis
Prokaryotic:No nucleus or membrane bound
organelles.
eg. bacteria, cyanobacteria.
Eukaryotic. Has and
a nucleus
organelles
eg. plants, animals
, Classification
Classification systems are used to collect, sort and
group information about organisms. And to compare and
identity them.
Various classification schemes have been used to
identify living organisms :
Artifical: Based on non-predictive features.
Easy to develop and relatively
stable. Don’t consider species
relatedness and not commonly
used
Natural: Based on evolution relationships.
Phylogenetic: Based on genetic features
3 ways to
categorise:
Domain: Archal, Bacteria,
Eukaryota
-
-
Structural Characteristics
Embryology
-
, Methods of classification
1. Structural Characteristics.:
Historically classification was based on morphological differences. closely
related species are expected to possess similar structure features.
However, there are two main caveats using structural data:
Homologous: Different
evolution
features. Due to divergent
Lizard, bird wing
Analogous: Similar features. Due to convergent
evolution Fish, penguin
Fin
2.
Embryology: The study of the embryonic
development of different organisms.
Looks for the structural similarities, genetic, etc
chicken.
e.g. human, pig,
3. Domain: Based on differences in the structure of the
cells and type of molecules that they contain.
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya
