PSY ABNORMAL/Current Psychotherapies Key Points and Test
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
Tableg ofg Contents
Chapter Page
1 Introductiongtog21stgCenturygPsychotherapies 1
2 PsychoanalyticgPsychotherapies 10
3 AdleriangPsychotherapy 35
4 Client-CenteredgTherapy 54
5 RationalgEmotivegBehaviorgTherapy 72
6 BehaviorgTherapy 88
7 CognitivegTherapy 107
8 ExistentialgPsychotherapy 127
9 GestaltgTherapy 142
10 InterpersonalgPsychotherapy 160
11 FamilygTherapy 181
12 ContemplativegPsychotherapies 201
13 PositivegPsychotherapy 217
14 IntegrativegPsychotherapies 238
15 MulticulturalgTheoriesgofgPsychotherapy 257
16 ContemporarygChallengesgandgControversies 278
Chapterg1
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
Introductiong tog 21st-
Centuryg PsychotherapiesgAuthors:gFrankgDu
mont
KeygPointsgandgTerms
EvolutiongofgthegSciencegandgProfessiongofgPsychology
Earlygattemptsgtogaddressgmentalgdisordersginclude:
► Pre-Christian,gtemple-
PSY ABNORMAL/Current Psychotherapies Key Points and Test
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
, likegasklepeiagandgothergretreatgcenters,gwhichgusedgr
eligio-
gphilosophicalglectures,gtog assuagegifgnotgremedygpsy
chologicalgdisorders.
► Hellenistgphysiciansgunderstoodgthatgthegbraingwasgnotg
onlygthegseatgofgknowledgegandglearninggbutgalsogthegso
urcegofgdepression,gdelirium,gandgmadness.
► Hippocratesginsistedgthatghisgstudentsgaddressgillnessesgbygnaturalgmeans.
Psychotherapygingitsgpresentgguisegdidgnotgclearlygemergeguntilg
theg18thgcentury.gBelowgaregsomegkeygplayers:
► Scientificgstudygofgthegunconsciousgattributedgtogrenown
edgpolymathgGottfriedgWilhelmgLeibniz:
▪ Investigatedgsubliminalgperceptions
▪ Coinedgthegtermg“dynamic”
► JohanngFriedrichgHerbart:
▪ Attemptedgtogapplygmathematicsgtogdynamics
▪ Suggestedgideasgstrugglegwithgoneganothergtog accessgconsciousness
► FranzgAntongMesmergandghisgdisciplegthegMarquisgdegPu
ysegurgareginfluentialgingcurrentgunderstandinggof:
▪ hypnotherapy
▪ rapportgbetweengtherapistgandgpatient
▪ influencegofgthegunconscious
▪ importancegofgthegqualitiesgofgthegtherapist
▪ spontaneousgremissiongofg disorders
▪ hypnoticg somnambulism
▪ selectivegfunctiongofgunconsciousgmemory
▪ rolegofgpatientgconfidence
▪ commongfactorsgacrossgeffectivegtreatments
► ArthurgSchopenhauer
▪ WorkgstronglyginfluencedgFreud
► GustavgT.gFechner
▪ Madegdistinctiongbetweengwakinggandgsleepinggstates
▪ Attemptedgtogmeasuregthegintensitygofgpsychicgstimulation
► HermangvongHelmholtz
▪ Discoveredgthegphenomenongofgunconsciousginference
► EmilgKraepelin
▪ Attentiongtogclassifyingg diseases
► CarlgGustavgCarus
Introductiongtog21st-CenturygPsychotherapies 1
, ▪ Developedgonegofgthegmostgsophisticatedgsche
masgthegunconsciousgthatgexist,gdescribinggsev
eralglevelsgtogthegunconscious
▪ Feltgindividualsgweregcommunicatinggatgconsci
ousgandgunconsciousglevelsgwithgeachgothergingp
aravocal,gnonverbal,gorganic,gandgaffectivegmod
esgingwaysgindividualsgwereglargelygunawaregof
► CarusgSchopenhauer
▪ Principalgargumentgwasgthatgwegaregdrivengby
g blind,girrationalg forcesgofgwhichgwegareglargel
ygunaware
► FriedrichgNietzsche
▪ Viewedgthatghumansgliegtogthemselvesgmoregthangtheygdogtogeachgother
► MoritzgBenedikt
▪ Developedg conceptgofgseekinggoutg andgclinic
allygpurgingg“pathogenicgsecrets”
ThegImpactgofgBiologicalgSciencegongPsychotherapy
Everygencountergwithgourgenvironmentgcausesgagchangegwithing
usgandgingourgneuralgfunctioning.gOnegcannotgunlearngknowledg
egunlessgneuronalgdecaygandglesionsgundogmemory.
KlausgGraweghasgnotedgthatg“psychotherapygappearsgtogachieve
gitsg effectg throughgchangesging genegexpressiongatgthegneuronalgl
evel.”gAndgresearchgshowsgthatgtherapygmaygbegeffectivegthrou
ghgtriggeringgthegexpressiongofgimmediate-
earlyggenesg(IEGs)gthroughgexposuregtognurturantgsocialgevents
.
Muchgofgthegplasticitygingourgneuro-emotionalgsystemsgisgachievedgthroughgepigeneticgchanges.
Ingthegcurrentgagegofgpsychopharmacology,gmedicatinggpatien
PSY ABNORMAL/Current Psychotherapies Key Points and Test
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
, tsgforgpsychologicalgpurposesgshouldgrequiregclear,gpresetgclini
calgobjectives.
Futuregdevelopmentsgingmolecularggeneticganalysis,gcognitiveg
neuropsychology,gandgsocialgcognitivegneurosciencegwillgcontin
uegtoginformgpsychotherapy.
ClashinggStandpoints
• Gillath,gAdams,g andgKunkelg(2012)gprovidegagmodelgforg
unitinggdisparategapproachesgtogstudygofghumangnature.
• Resolutiongcangbegachievedgthroughgsystemicgintegratio
ngofgmanygvariablesgthatgaregatgplaygatganygmoment.
• Forgexample,gPopeg andg Weddingg(2012)gdiscussgthegd
angerginherentgingneglectinggtogmonitorgpatientsgwhoga
regtakinggpsychotropicgmedication.
EvolutionarygBiologygandgBehavioralgGenetics
• Anthropologistsghavegdiscoveredg atgleastg400guniversalgbehavioralgtraits.
• StevengPinkerg(2002)ghasg furthergdocumentedgthegprincipl
egthatgallghumansgsharegaguniqueghumangnature.
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
Tableg ofg Contents
Chapter Page
1 Introductiongtog21stgCenturygPsychotherapies 1
2 PsychoanalyticgPsychotherapies 10
3 AdleriangPsychotherapy 35
4 Client-CenteredgTherapy 54
5 RationalgEmotivegBehaviorgTherapy 72
6 BehaviorgTherapy 88
7 CognitivegTherapy 107
8 ExistentialgPsychotherapy 127
9 GestaltgTherapy 142
10 InterpersonalgPsychotherapy 160
11 FamilygTherapy 181
12 ContemplativegPsychotherapies 201
13 PositivegPsychotherapy 217
14 IntegrativegPsychotherapies 238
15 MulticulturalgTheoriesgofgPsychotherapy 257
16 ContemporarygChallengesgandgControversies 278
Chapterg1
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
Introductiong tog 21st-
Centuryg PsychotherapiesgAuthors:gFrankgDu
mont
KeygPointsgandgTerms
EvolutiongofgthegSciencegandgProfessiongofgPsychology
Earlygattemptsgtogaddressgmentalgdisordersginclude:
► Pre-Christian,gtemple-
PSY ABNORMAL/Current Psychotherapies Key Points and Test
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
, likegasklepeiagandgothergretreatgcenters,gwhichgusedgr
eligio-
gphilosophicalglectures,gtog assuagegifgnotgremedygpsy
chologicalgdisorders.
► Hellenistgphysiciansgunderstoodgthatgthegbraingwasgnotg
onlygthegseatgofgknowledgegandglearninggbutgalsogthegso
urcegofgdepression,gdelirium,gandgmadness.
► Hippocratesginsistedgthatghisgstudentsgaddressgillnessesgbygnaturalgmeans.
Psychotherapygingitsgpresentgguisegdidgnotgclearlygemergeguntilg
theg18thgcentury.gBelowgaregsomegkeygplayers:
► Scientificgstudygofgthegunconsciousgattributedgtogrenown
edgpolymathgGottfriedgWilhelmgLeibniz:
▪ Investigatedgsubliminalgperceptions
▪ Coinedgthegtermg“dynamic”
► JohanngFriedrichgHerbart:
▪ Attemptedgtogapplygmathematicsgtogdynamics
▪ Suggestedgideasgstrugglegwithgoneganothergtog accessgconsciousness
► FranzgAntongMesmergandghisgdisciplegthegMarquisgdegPu
ysegurgareginfluentialgingcurrentgunderstandinggof:
▪ hypnotherapy
▪ rapportgbetweengtherapistgandgpatient
▪ influencegofgthegunconscious
▪ importancegofgthegqualitiesgofgthegtherapist
▪ spontaneousgremissiongofg disorders
▪ hypnoticg somnambulism
▪ selectivegfunctiongofgunconsciousgmemory
▪ rolegofgpatientgconfidence
▪ commongfactorsgacrossgeffectivegtreatments
► ArthurgSchopenhauer
▪ WorkgstronglyginfluencedgFreud
► GustavgT.gFechner
▪ Madegdistinctiongbetweengwakinggandgsleepinggstates
▪ Attemptedgtogmeasuregthegintensitygofgpsychicgstimulation
► HermangvongHelmholtz
▪ Discoveredgthegphenomenongofgunconsciousginference
► EmilgKraepelin
▪ Attentiongtogclassifyingg diseases
► CarlgGustavgCarus
Introductiongtog21st-CenturygPsychotherapies 1
, ▪ Developedgonegofgthegmostgsophisticatedgsche
masgthegunconsciousgthatgexist,gdescribinggsev
eralglevelsgtogthegunconscious
▪ Feltgindividualsgweregcommunicatinggatgconsci
ousgandgunconsciousglevelsgwithgeachgothergingp
aravocal,gnonverbal,gorganic,gandgaffectivegmod
esgingwaysgindividualsgwereglargelygunawaregof
► CarusgSchopenhauer
▪ Principalgargumentgwasgthatgwegaregdrivengby
g blind,girrationalg forcesgofgwhichgwegareglargel
ygunaware
► FriedrichgNietzsche
▪ Viewedgthatghumansgliegtogthemselvesgmoregthangtheygdogtogeachgother
► MoritzgBenedikt
▪ Developedg conceptgofgseekinggoutg andgclinic
allygpurgingg“pathogenicgsecrets”
ThegImpactgofgBiologicalgSciencegongPsychotherapy
Everygencountergwithgourgenvironmentgcausesgagchangegwithing
usgandgingourgneuralgfunctioning.gOnegcannotgunlearngknowledg
egunlessgneuronalgdecaygandglesionsgundogmemory.
KlausgGraweghasgnotedgthatg“psychotherapygappearsgtogachieve
gitsg effectg throughgchangesging genegexpressiongatgthegneuronalgl
evel.”gAndgresearchgshowsgthatgtherapygmaygbegeffectivegthrou
ghgtriggeringgthegexpressiongofgimmediate-
earlyggenesg(IEGs)gthroughgexposuregtognurturantgsocialgevents
.
Muchgofgthegplasticitygingourgneuro-emotionalgsystemsgisgachievedgthroughgepigeneticgchanges.
Ingthegcurrentgagegofgpsychopharmacology,gmedicatinggpatien
PSY ABNORMAL/Current Psychotherapies Key Points and Test
g g g g g g g
ank 10th edition
g g
, tsgforgpsychologicalgpurposesgshouldgrequiregclear,gpresetgclini
calgobjectives.
Futuregdevelopmentsgingmolecularggeneticganalysis,gcognitiveg
neuropsychology,gandgsocialgcognitivegneurosciencegwillgcontin
uegtoginformgpsychotherapy.
ClashinggStandpoints
• Gillath,gAdams,g andgKunkelg(2012)gprovidegagmodelgforg
unitinggdisparategapproachesgtogstudygofghumangnature.
• Resolutiongcangbegachievedgthroughgsystemicgintegratio
ngofgmanygvariablesgthatgaregatgplaygatganygmoment.
• Forgexample,gPopeg andg Weddingg(2012)gdiscussgthegd
angerginherentgingneglectinggtogmonitorgpatientsgwhoga
regtakinggpsychotropicgmedication.
EvolutionarygBiologygandgBehavioralgGenetics
• Anthropologistsghavegdiscoveredg atgleastg400guniversalgbehavioralgtraits.
• StevengPinkerg(2002)ghasg furthergdocumentedgthegprincipl
egthatgallghumansgsharegaguniqueghumangnature.
