🩻 Spine and Vertebrae
1. Anatomy of the Spinal column
2. Curvatures of Spinal Column
Curves Spine position Abnormalities
Convex curves Thoracic and Sacral Excess Lordosis /
(KYPHOSIS) Kyphosis
Concave curves Cervical and Lumber Scoliosis
(LORDOSIS)
3. Back related sickness
Sickness Causes Symptoms Pictures
Scoliosis Muscle disorder Side curve in spine
(one side stronger
than another)
, Herniated Protrudes posterior- - L4/5: leg
Disc laterally: posterior pain, weak
longitudinal movement,
ligament: Nerve sciatic
roots stretch
- L5/S1: pain,
weakness,
absent
tendon
reflex,
sciatic
stretch
- L3/4:
anterior
thigh pain,
weak quad,
absent
tendon
reflex,
femoral
stretch
Ageing Disc - Cartilage - Pain and
– ⬇Bone ⬆️ nerve
Degeneratio - Heterotrophi irritation
n c bone
growth
(osteophyte)
Cauda - Midline - Bilateral LL
Equina (large weakness
Syndrome herniation) - Numbness
- Trauma, - Incontinenc
tumour, e
haematoma - Urgent
- Rare (but surgical
common referral
enough)
4. Low Back Pain Prevalence
- Lifetime prevalence 60-80% (98% recovery, 6-12 weeks)
- 14% prevalence, > 1 month/yr, with disability
1. Anatomy of the Spinal column
2. Curvatures of Spinal Column
Curves Spine position Abnormalities
Convex curves Thoracic and Sacral Excess Lordosis /
(KYPHOSIS) Kyphosis
Concave curves Cervical and Lumber Scoliosis
(LORDOSIS)
3. Back related sickness
Sickness Causes Symptoms Pictures
Scoliosis Muscle disorder Side curve in spine
(one side stronger
than another)
, Herniated Protrudes posterior- - L4/5: leg
Disc laterally: posterior pain, weak
longitudinal movement,
ligament: Nerve sciatic
roots stretch
- L5/S1: pain,
weakness,
absent
tendon
reflex,
sciatic
stretch
- L3/4:
anterior
thigh pain,
weak quad,
absent
tendon
reflex,
femoral
stretch
Ageing Disc - Cartilage - Pain and
– ⬇Bone ⬆️ nerve
Degeneratio - Heterotrophi irritation
n c bone
growth
(osteophyte)
Cauda - Midline - Bilateral LL
Equina (large weakness
Syndrome herniation) - Numbness
- Trauma, - Incontinenc
tumour, e
haematoma - Urgent
- Rare (but surgical
common referral
enough)
4. Low Back Pain Prevalence
- Lifetime prevalence 60-80% (98% recovery, 6-12 weeks)
- 14% prevalence, > 1 month/yr, with disability
