NURSING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
How bcan byou bestimate ba bclient's btidal bvolume? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Tidal bvolume
bcan bbe bestimated bby bobserving bthe bdepth bof bthe bclient's brespirations.
What bis bthe brange bof bnormal bfor ban badult's brespiratory brate? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔A brate bof b12 bto b20 bbreaths bper bminute bis bnormal bfor badults
Besides bthe brate, bwhat bother bcharacteristics bof ba bclient's brespirations bshould byou
bobserve? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Depth, brhythm, beffort, bbreath bsounds, band bchest
bmovement bshould bbe bobserved bin baddition bto brate.
What bare bsome bcommon bclinical bsigns bassociated bwith bpoor boxygenation? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Pallor bor bcyanosis bof bthe bnails, blips, bor bskin; brestlessness;
bapprehension; bconfusion; bdizziness; bfatigue; bchanges bin bpulse band bblood
bpressure; band bdecreased blevel bof bconsciousness bare bassociated bwith bpoor
boxygenation.
Which bof bthe bKorotkoff bsounds bwould byou brecord bas bthe bsystolic bpressure? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔First
Which bof bthe bKorotkoff bsounds bwould byou brecord bas bthe bdiastolic bpressure? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Fifth
A bnurse bis bauscultating ba bBP. bHe bhears bthe bfirst bsound bat b170 bmm bHg. bThe
bsound bdisappears bimmediately. bAt b150 bmm bHg, bthe bsound bappears bagain band
bcontinues buntil bthere bis bsilence bat b80 bmm bHg. bThe bpressures bwere btaken bin bthe
bclient's bright barm bwhile bthe bclient bwas blying bdown.
b
How bshould bthe bnurse brecord bthese bpressures? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔BP bRA,
bsupine, b170/80 bwith ban bauscultatory bgap bfrom b170 bto b150
How bdo byou bexplain bwhat bhappened? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔An bauscultatory bgap
boccurred. bA bgap bis bmost bcommonly bheard bin bhypertensive bclients, bwhose bsystolic
bblood bpressure bis bhigher bthan bthe badult bnormal blimit bof b140 bmm bHg.
,Which bof bthe bfollowing bpatients bhas bhypertension? bOne bwith ba bBP bof:
150/80 bon btwo bseparate boccasions
180/100 bon bone boccasion
138/88 bon btwo boccasions b- bcorrect banswers✔✔150/80 bon btwo bseparate boccasions
Which bof bthe bfollowing bclient(s) bhas/have bprimary bhypertension?
Client bA, bwho bis bobese band bhas ba bhigh bsodium bintake
Client bB, bwho bis bin brenal bfailure
Client bC, bwho bhas bhypertension binduced bby bpregnancy
Client bD, bwho bhas ba bfamily bhistory bof bhypertension b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Client bD,
bwho bhas ba bfamily bhistory bof bhypertension
What bare bfive bfunctions bof bthe bskin? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bskin bserves bfive
bfunctions: bprotection, bsensation, btemperature bregulation, bsecretion/excretion, band
bformation bof bvitamin bD.
How bdoes bthe bskin bhelp bregulate bbody btemperature? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The
bskin bcontains bsensory borgans bor breceptors bfor bheat band bcold. bThe bskin bregulates
btemperature bthrough bthe bprocess bof bdilating band bconstricting bblood bvessels band
bactivating bor binactivating bsweat bglands. bThe bsweat bglands bfound bin bthe baxillae
band bexternal bgenitalia bsecrete bfatty bacids band bproteins band bexcrete bperspiration,
bwhich bproduces ba bcooling beffect bas bthe bmoisture bevaporates bfrom bthe bskin.
What bchanges btake bplace bin bthe bskin bas ba bperson bages b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔With bage, bboth blayers bof bthe bskin bbecome bthinner band bmore bfragile.
bAs bcollagen band belastin bfibers bin bthe bdermis bdeteriorate, bthe bskin bbecomes
bwrinkled. bSebaceous band bsweat bgland bactivity bdecreases, bcausing bthe bskin bto
bbecome bdry, bscaly, band bitchy, band btemperature bregulation bin bhot bweather
bbecomes bmore bdifficult. bAs bthe bnumber band bactivity bof bhair bfollicles band bpigment
bcells b(melanocytes) bdiminishes, bhair bbecomes bthin, bturns bgray bor bwhite, band
bgrows bmore bslowly. bNails bthicken band bgrowth bdecreases. bThese bchanges
bincrease bthe brisk bfor bskin bproblems.
True bor bfalse: bThe bprofessional bnurse bis bresponsible bfor bmaking bassessments. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔True
True bor bfalse: bAssisting bwith bthe bbath bis ban bexcellent btime bto bassess bthe bpatient.
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔True
To binspect bfor bpallor bin ba bdark-skinned bperson, bwhich bareas bwould byou bassess
bfor ban bashen bgray bor byellow bcolor? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔For bdark-skinned
bpersons, bthe bconjunctivae, bbuccal bmucosa, btongue, blips, bnail bbeds, bpalms, band
bsoles bshould bbe bassessed bfor bpallor.
What bis bthe bterm bthat bmeans b"a bbluish bcolor bof bthe bskin"? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Cyanosis bmeans ba bbluish bdiscoloration bof bthe bskin.
, Name btwo bcauses bof berythema. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Vasodilation band
binflammation bare bcauses bof berythema.
Where bcan byou bbest bsee bjaundice? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bsclera bof bthe beyes
bis bthe bbest bplace bto bsee bjaundice
True bor bfalse: bHealthy bnails bare busually bclean, bsmooth, band bconvexly bcurved b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔True
List bat bleast bthree bnail bchanges bthat boccur bwith baging. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔As ba
bperson bages, bthe bnails bthicken, bbecome bridged, band bmay byellow bor bbecome
bconcave bin bshape.
List bat bleast bfour bthings byou bshould bteach bclients babout bself-care bof btheir bnails. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Answer:
Clients bshould bbe btaught bthe bfollowing bself-care bof btheir bnails:
● bInspect bthe bnails bdaily.
● bTrim bnails bwith ba bnail bclipper b(people bwith bdiabetes bor bcirculatory bproblems
bshould bfile bonly, bas bcutting bposes ba brisk bfor binjury bto bthe btissues).
● bFile bthe bnails bstraight bacross, brounding bthe bcorners bslightly bto bprevent
bscratching; bdo bnot bcut bdeeply binto bthe blateral bcorners, bas bthis bmay bcause
bingrown bnails.
● bRemove bhangnails bby bcarefully bcutting bthem boff.
● bClean bunder bthe bnails bwith ban borangewood bstick bor bother bblunt binstrument.
● bPush bback bthe bcuticles bgently.
● bUse ba bmoisturizing blotion bto bsoften bcuticles.
● bAvoid bbiting bnails.
● bConsult ba bpodiatrist bfor bany bingrown btoenails bor bother bnail bproblems.
● bRecommend bto bpatients bwith bdiabetes, bcirculatory binsufficiency, bor bnail bproblems
bthat bthey bseek bnail bcare bfrom ba bpodiatrist.
List bat bleast bfour bassessments byou bshould bmake bof ba bpatient's bhair. b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔The bfollowing bassessments bshould bbe bmade bon ba bpatient's bhair:
● bUse bof bspecial bproducts bor bmedicated bshampoos
● bHistory bof bhair bproblems bor bcurrent bconditions bnecessitating btreatment b(e.g.,
bpediculosis b[head blice])
● bHistory bor bpresence bof bdisease bor btherapy bthat baffect bthe bhair b(e.g.,
bchemotherapy)
● bFactors binfluencing bthe bpatient's bability bto bmanage bhair band bscalp bcare b(e.g.,
bImpaired bMobility)
● bPersonal bor bcultural bpreferences bfor bstyling bof bthe bhair
● bCondition, bcleanliness, btexture, band boiliness bof bthe bhair
● bInspection bof bthe bscalp bfor bdandruff, bpediculosis, balopecia b(hair bloss), bsecretions
bor blesions
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
How bcan byou bestimate ba bclient's btidal bvolume? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Tidal bvolume
bcan bbe bestimated bby bobserving bthe bdepth bof bthe bclient's brespirations.
What bis bthe brange bof bnormal bfor ban badult's brespiratory brate? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔A brate bof b12 bto b20 bbreaths bper bminute bis bnormal bfor badults
Besides bthe brate, bwhat bother bcharacteristics bof ba bclient's brespirations bshould byou
bobserve? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Depth, brhythm, beffort, bbreath bsounds, band bchest
bmovement bshould bbe bobserved bin baddition bto brate.
What bare bsome bcommon bclinical bsigns bassociated bwith bpoor boxygenation? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Pallor bor bcyanosis bof bthe bnails, blips, bor bskin; brestlessness;
bapprehension; bconfusion; bdizziness; bfatigue; bchanges bin bpulse band bblood
bpressure; band bdecreased blevel bof bconsciousness bare bassociated bwith bpoor
boxygenation.
Which bof bthe bKorotkoff bsounds bwould byou brecord bas bthe bsystolic bpressure? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔First
Which bof bthe bKorotkoff bsounds bwould byou brecord bas bthe bdiastolic bpressure? b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Fifth
A bnurse bis bauscultating ba bBP. bHe bhears bthe bfirst bsound bat b170 bmm bHg. bThe
bsound bdisappears bimmediately. bAt b150 bmm bHg, bthe bsound bappears bagain band
bcontinues buntil bthere bis bsilence bat b80 bmm bHg. bThe bpressures bwere btaken bin bthe
bclient's bright barm bwhile bthe bclient bwas blying bdown.
b
How bshould bthe bnurse brecord bthese bpressures? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔BP bRA,
bsupine, b170/80 bwith ban bauscultatory bgap bfrom b170 bto b150
How bdo byou bexplain bwhat bhappened? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔An bauscultatory bgap
boccurred. bA bgap bis bmost bcommonly bheard bin bhypertensive bclients, bwhose bsystolic
bblood bpressure bis bhigher bthan bthe badult bnormal blimit bof b140 bmm bHg.
,Which bof bthe bfollowing bpatients bhas bhypertension? bOne bwith ba bBP bof:
150/80 bon btwo bseparate boccasions
180/100 bon bone boccasion
138/88 bon btwo boccasions b- bcorrect banswers✔✔150/80 bon btwo bseparate boccasions
Which bof bthe bfollowing bclient(s) bhas/have bprimary bhypertension?
Client bA, bwho bis bobese band bhas ba bhigh bsodium bintake
Client bB, bwho bis bin brenal bfailure
Client bC, bwho bhas bhypertension binduced bby bpregnancy
Client bD, bwho bhas ba bfamily bhistory bof bhypertension b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Client bD,
bwho bhas ba bfamily bhistory bof bhypertension
What bare bfive bfunctions bof bthe bskin? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bskin bserves bfive
bfunctions: bprotection, bsensation, btemperature bregulation, bsecretion/excretion, band
bformation bof bvitamin bD.
How bdoes bthe bskin bhelp bregulate bbody btemperature? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The
bskin bcontains bsensory borgans bor breceptors bfor bheat band bcold. bThe bskin bregulates
btemperature bthrough bthe bprocess bof bdilating band bconstricting bblood bvessels band
bactivating bor binactivating bsweat bglands. bThe bsweat bglands bfound bin bthe baxillae
band bexternal bgenitalia bsecrete bfatty bacids band bproteins band bexcrete bperspiration,
bwhich bproduces ba bcooling beffect bas bthe bmoisture bevaporates bfrom bthe bskin.
What bchanges btake bplace bin bthe bskin bas ba bperson bages b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔With bage, bboth blayers bof bthe bskin bbecome bthinner band bmore bfragile.
bAs bcollagen band belastin bfibers bin bthe bdermis bdeteriorate, bthe bskin bbecomes
bwrinkled. bSebaceous band bsweat bgland bactivity bdecreases, bcausing bthe bskin bto
bbecome bdry, bscaly, band bitchy, band btemperature bregulation bin bhot bweather
bbecomes bmore bdifficult. bAs bthe bnumber band bactivity bof bhair bfollicles band bpigment
bcells b(melanocytes) bdiminishes, bhair bbecomes bthin, bturns bgray bor bwhite, band
bgrows bmore bslowly. bNails bthicken band bgrowth bdecreases. bThese bchanges
bincrease bthe brisk bfor bskin bproblems.
True bor bfalse: bThe bprofessional bnurse bis bresponsible bfor bmaking bassessments. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔True
True bor bfalse: bAssisting bwith bthe bbath bis ban bexcellent btime bto bassess bthe bpatient.
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔True
To binspect bfor bpallor bin ba bdark-skinned bperson, bwhich bareas bwould byou bassess
bfor ban bashen bgray bor byellow bcolor? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔For bdark-skinned
bpersons, bthe bconjunctivae, bbuccal bmucosa, btongue, blips, bnail bbeds, bpalms, band
bsoles bshould bbe bassessed bfor bpallor.
What bis bthe bterm bthat bmeans b"a bbluish bcolor bof bthe bskin"? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Cyanosis bmeans ba bbluish bdiscoloration bof bthe bskin.
, Name btwo bcauses bof berythema. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Vasodilation band
binflammation bare bcauses bof berythema.
Where bcan byou bbest bsee bjaundice? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bsclera bof bthe beyes
bis bthe bbest bplace bto bsee bjaundice
True bor bfalse: bHealthy bnails bare busually bclean, bsmooth, band bconvexly bcurved b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔True
List bat bleast bthree bnail bchanges bthat boccur bwith baging. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔As ba
bperson bages, bthe bnails bthicken, bbecome bridged, band bmay byellow bor bbecome
bconcave bin bshape.
List bat bleast bfour bthings byou bshould bteach bclients babout bself-care bof btheir bnails. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔Answer:
Clients bshould bbe btaught bthe bfollowing bself-care bof btheir bnails:
● bInspect bthe bnails bdaily.
● bTrim bnails bwith ba bnail bclipper b(people bwith bdiabetes bor bcirculatory bproblems
bshould bfile bonly, bas bcutting bposes ba brisk bfor binjury bto bthe btissues).
● bFile bthe bnails bstraight bacross, brounding bthe bcorners bslightly bto bprevent
bscratching; bdo bnot bcut bdeeply binto bthe blateral bcorners, bas bthis bmay bcause
bingrown bnails.
● bRemove bhangnails bby bcarefully bcutting bthem boff.
● bClean bunder bthe bnails bwith ban borangewood bstick bor bother bblunt binstrument.
● bPush bback bthe bcuticles bgently.
● bUse ba bmoisturizing blotion bto bsoften bcuticles.
● bAvoid bbiting bnails.
● bConsult ba bpodiatrist bfor bany bingrown btoenails bor bother bnail bproblems.
● bRecommend bto bpatients bwith bdiabetes, bcirculatory binsufficiency, bor bnail bproblems
bthat bthey bseek bnail bcare bfrom ba bpodiatrist.
List bat bleast bfour bassessments byou bshould bmake bof ba bpatient's bhair. b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔The bfollowing bassessments bshould bbe bmade bon ba bpatient's bhair:
● bUse bof bspecial bproducts bor bmedicated bshampoos
● bHistory bof bhair bproblems bor bcurrent bconditions bnecessitating btreatment b(e.g.,
bpediculosis b[head blice])
● bHistory bor bpresence bof bdisease bor btherapy bthat baffect bthe bhair b(e.g.,
bchemotherapy)
● bFactors binfluencing bthe bpatient's bability bto bmanage bhair band bscalp bcare b(e.g.,
bImpaired bMobility)
● bPersonal bor bcultural bpreferences bfor bstyling bof bthe bhair
● bCondition, bcleanliness, btexture, band boiliness bof bthe bhair
● bInspection bof bthe bscalp bfor bdandruff, bpediculosis, balopecia b(hair bloss), bsecretions
bor blesions
