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HESI RN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||LATEST VERSION!!
After talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have
questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen
(PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA
levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which
pathophysiological mechanism? - Answer-As the prostate
gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the
circulating blood
PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells,
and elevations are used as a specific tumor markers.
Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH,
prostatitis, and cancer of the prostate, indicating tumor cell
load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to
therapy
A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled
to undergo radiation therapy. The clinet expresses concern
about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children.
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What info should the nurse provide? - Answer-Permanent
sterility occurs in the male client who receive radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/
Hodgkin's disease b/f any therapy. Radiotherapy often
results in permanent aspermia, or sterility
The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the
end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when
auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be
recorded? - Answer-Crackles in the right and left lower
lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f
the end of inspiration that are the result of rapid
equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal
bronchioles suddenly snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or
musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls
that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible
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A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax.
Which assessment should the nurse expect to ID? -
Answer-A deviation of the trachea toward the side
opposite of the pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of
air in the pleural space, causing severely high intrapleural
pressure. This results in collapse of the lung, and the
mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side, which is
subsequently compressed
A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's
chills, fever, and a HA 30 min after the transfusion is
started. The nurse shold recognize these sx as
characteristic of what rxn? - Answer-A febrile transfusion
reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA,
flushing, and muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which
is characterized by flushing, itching, and urticaria. It
exhibits an exaggerated allergic response that progresses
to shock and possible cardiac arrest
HESI RN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||LATEST VERSION!!
After talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have
questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen
(PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA
levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which
pathophysiological mechanism? - Answer-As the prostate
gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the
circulating blood
PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells,
and elevations are used as a specific tumor markers.
Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH,
prostatitis, and cancer of the prostate, indicating tumor cell
load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to
therapy
A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled
to undergo radiation therapy. The clinet expresses concern
about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children.
,2|Page
What info should the nurse provide? - Answer-Permanent
sterility occurs in the male client who receive radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/
Hodgkin's disease b/f any therapy. Radiotherapy often
results in permanent aspermia, or sterility
The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the
end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when
auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be
recorded? - Answer-Crackles in the right and left lower
lobes
Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f
the end of inspiration that are the result of rapid
equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal
bronchioles suddenly snap open
Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or
musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls
that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible
, 3|Page
A client is admitted to the ER w/ a tension pneumothorax.
Which assessment should the nurse expect to ID? -
Answer-A deviation of the trachea toward the side
opposite of the pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumulation of
air in the pleural space, causing severely high intrapleural
pressure. This results in collapse of the lung, and the
mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side, which is
subsequently compressed
A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion dv's
chills, fever, and a HA 30 min after the transfusion is
started. The nurse shold recognize these sx as
characteristic of what rxn? - Answer-A febrile transfusion
reaction
Sx of a febrile reaction include sudden chills, fever, HA,
flushing, and muscle pain.
An allergic rxn is the response of histamine release which
is characterized by flushing, itching, and urticaria. It
exhibits an exaggerated allergic response that progresses
to shock and possible cardiac arrest
