Exam 1 Study Guide Pharmacology Rasmussen NUR2474
questions with verified answers
1kg = ? lbs Ans✓✓✓ 1kg = 2.2lbs
6 rights of med administration Ans✓✓✓ i. Patient
ii. Drug
iii. Dose
iv. Time
v. Route
vi. Documentation
a. Side effects. Ans✓✓✓ i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable
reactions, drug effects produced at therapeutic level.
ADHD Treatment Goals Ans✓✓✓ a. Help with control over inattentiveness,
impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
b. Reduce symptoms of disease.
c. Increase attention span and goal-oriented behavior while reducing
impulsiveness, distractibility, hyperactivity, and restlessness.
Agonist (things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i. Molecules that activate receptors.
ii. Endogenous regulators are considered agonists.
iii. Have both affinity and high intrinsic activity.
iv. Dobutamine mimics norepinephrine at cardiac receptors.
v. Agonists can make processes go "faster" or "slower".
,Alprazolam therapy (what it does, and things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i.
Benzodiazepine, CNS depressant, reduce anxiety.
ii. With prolonged use, tolerance develops to some effects but not others.
iii. Can cause physical dependence but the incidence of substantial dependence is
low.
iv. Withdrawal=taper off slowly.
v. Reduces anxiety and promotes sleep.
Alzheimer's Disease Ans✓✓✓ i. uncurable, cannot be delayed/slowed, or
reversed. However cognitive decline can be slowed down with meds.
Cholinesterase inhibitors may cause fainting due to hypotension and bradycardia.
Amitriptyline (contraindication) Ans✓✓✓ d. Contraindication
i. Do not take within 14 days of MAOIs
Amitriptyline (Drug/Drug interactions) Ans✓✓✓ e. Drug/Drug interactions
i. CNS depressants.
ii. Alcohol.
iii. Hypnotics.
iv. Barbiturates.
v. Sedatives potentiate CNS depression.
Amitriptyline (overdose and nursing actions) Ans✓✓✓ i. Resulting in cholinergic
blockade and cardiac toxicity evidence by
1. Coma.
,2. Respiratory depression.
3. Tachycardia.
4. Sodium channel blockade.
5. Prolonged QRS complex.
6. Dysrhythmias.
7. Mental confusion.
8. Agitation.
9. Seizures.
10. Possible death
ii. Nursing actions
1. Obtain baseline EKG.
2. Monitor vitals frequently.
3. Monitor manifestations of toxicity.
4. Notify provider if manifestations occur.
Amitriptyline (side effects TCAs) Ans✓✓✓ c. Side effects (TCA'S)
i. Thrombocytopenia.
ii. Cardiac (arrythmias, MI, Stroke).
iii. Anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, urine retention).
iv. Seizures.
Amitriptyline (what it is) Ans✓✓✓ a. TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants).
i. Antidepressants.
ii. Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synaptic space, thereby
intensifying the effects of these neurotransmitters.
, iii. May take up 10-14 days for TCAs to begin to work, maximum effects might not
be seen until 4-8 weeks.
Antagonist (things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i. Produce their effects by preventing
receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
ii. Affinity but no intrinsic activity.
iii. No effects of their own on receptor function.
iv. Do not cause receptor activation but cause pharmacologic effects by
preventing the activation of receptors by agonists.
v. If there is no agonist present, and antagonist will have no observable effect.
Antidotes to common meds Ans✓✓✓ - Benzodiazepine overdose = flumazenil. -
Phenobarbital (no antidote) but give charcoal to absorb.
- Anticholinergics = physostigmine.
- Beta blockers = glucagon.
- Warfarin = vitamin K.
- Digoxin = digoxin immune Fab (digibind). - Heparin = protamine sulfate.
- Methotrexate = leucovorin.
- Opioids = Narcan
- Acetaminophen overdose = acetylcysteine.
Anxiety (what it is, and types) Ans✓✓✓ i. Psychologic and physical components,
characterized by fear, apprehension, dread, and uneasiness.
ii. Types
1. Generalized anxiety disorder.
2. Panic disorder.
questions with verified answers
1kg = ? lbs Ans✓✓✓ 1kg = 2.2lbs
6 rights of med administration Ans✓✓✓ i. Patient
ii. Drug
iii. Dose
iv. Time
v. Route
vi. Documentation
a. Side effects. Ans✓✓✓ i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable
reactions, drug effects produced at therapeutic level.
ADHD Treatment Goals Ans✓✓✓ a. Help with control over inattentiveness,
impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
b. Reduce symptoms of disease.
c. Increase attention span and goal-oriented behavior while reducing
impulsiveness, distractibility, hyperactivity, and restlessness.
Agonist (things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i. Molecules that activate receptors.
ii. Endogenous regulators are considered agonists.
iii. Have both affinity and high intrinsic activity.
iv. Dobutamine mimics norepinephrine at cardiac receptors.
v. Agonists can make processes go "faster" or "slower".
,Alprazolam therapy (what it does, and things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i.
Benzodiazepine, CNS depressant, reduce anxiety.
ii. With prolonged use, tolerance develops to some effects but not others.
iii. Can cause physical dependence but the incidence of substantial dependence is
low.
iv. Withdrawal=taper off slowly.
v. Reduces anxiety and promotes sleep.
Alzheimer's Disease Ans✓✓✓ i. uncurable, cannot be delayed/slowed, or
reversed. However cognitive decline can be slowed down with meds.
Cholinesterase inhibitors may cause fainting due to hypotension and bradycardia.
Amitriptyline (contraindication) Ans✓✓✓ d. Contraindication
i. Do not take within 14 days of MAOIs
Amitriptyline (Drug/Drug interactions) Ans✓✓✓ e. Drug/Drug interactions
i. CNS depressants.
ii. Alcohol.
iii. Hypnotics.
iv. Barbiturates.
v. Sedatives potentiate CNS depression.
Amitriptyline (overdose and nursing actions) Ans✓✓✓ i. Resulting in cholinergic
blockade and cardiac toxicity evidence by
1. Coma.
,2. Respiratory depression.
3. Tachycardia.
4. Sodium channel blockade.
5. Prolonged QRS complex.
6. Dysrhythmias.
7. Mental confusion.
8. Agitation.
9. Seizures.
10. Possible death
ii. Nursing actions
1. Obtain baseline EKG.
2. Monitor vitals frequently.
3. Monitor manifestations of toxicity.
4. Notify provider if manifestations occur.
Amitriptyline (side effects TCAs) Ans✓✓✓ c. Side effects (TCA'S)
i. Thrombocytopenia.
ii. Cardiac (arrythmias, MI, Stroke).
iii. Anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, urine retention).
iv. Seizures.
Amitriptyline (what it is) Ans✓✓✓ a. TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants).
i. Antidepressants.
ii. Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synaptic space, thereby
intensifying the effects of these neurotransmitters.
, iii. May take up 10-14 days for TCAs to begin to work, maximum effects might not
be seen until 4-8 weeks.
Antagonist (things to know) Ans✓✓✓ i. Produce their effects by preventing
receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
ii. Affinity but no intrinsic activity.
iii. No effects of their own on receptor function.
iv. Do not cause receptor activation but cause pharmacologic effects by
preventing the activation of receptors by agonists.
v. If there is no agonist present, and antagonist will have no observable effect.
Antidotes to common meds Ans✓✓✓ - Benzodiazepine overdose = flumazenil. -
Phenobarbital (no antidote) but give charcoal to absorb.
- Anticholinergics = physostigmine.
- Beta blockers = glucagon.
- Warfarin = vitamin K.
- Digoxin = digoxin immune Fab (digibind). - Heparin = protamine sulfate.
- Methotrexate = leucovorin.
- Opioids = Narcan
- Acetaminophen overdose = acetylcysteine.
Anxiety (what it is, and types) Ans✓✓✓ i. Psychologic and physical components,
characterized by fear, apprehension, dread, and uneasiness.
ii. Types
1. Generalized anxiety disorder.
2. Panic disorder.
