©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:11AM.
ISA 235 Final Exam Questions And Answers
2025 Update.
Data - Answer✔raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Information - Answer✔data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Business Intelligence - Answer✔information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers,
customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic decision making
Knowledge - Answer✔includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information
and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources
Big data - Answer✔a collection of large, complex datasets, which cannot be analyzed using
traditional database methods and tools
4 characteristics of big data - Answer✔variety, veracity, volume, velocity
structured data - Answer✔has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates,
or strings
this data is storied in things like a relational database or excel spreadsheet.
ex.) customer address
accounts for about 20% of data
unstructured data - Answer✔is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is
typically free-form text
ex.) emails, tweets, and text messages
accounts for about 80% of the data
Analytics - Answer✔the science of fact-based decision making
1
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:11AM.
Business Analytics - Answer✔the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making
better decisions
Data Scientist - Answer✔extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical analysis, data
mining, and advanced analytics on big data to identify trends, market changes, and other
relevant information
business unit - Answer✔segment of a company representing a specific business function
ex.) HR, marketing, accounting
data silo - Answer✔occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate with other
business units, making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work cross-functionally
Data democratization - Answer✔the ability for data to be collected, analyzed, and accessible to
all users
the goal is to allow all employees the ability to collect and analyze data without requiring
outside help
System - Answer✔a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
Systems thinking - Answer✔A way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs
being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on
each part
MIS
(Management Information Systems) - Answer✔a business function, like accounting and HR,
which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to
facilitate decision making and problem solving
MIS incorporates systems thinking to help companies operate cross-functionally
MIS skills gap - Answer✔the difference between existing MIS workplace knowledge and the
knowledge required to fulfill the business goals and strategies
Business Strategy - Answer✔a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives
such as increasing sales, decreasing costs, entering new markets, or developing new
products/services
competitive advantage - Answer✔a feature of a product or service on which customers place a
greater value than they do on similar offerings from competitors
2
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:11AM.
SWOT analysis - Answer✔evaluates an organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies
Porter's Five Forces Model - Answer✔analyzes the competitive forces within the environment
in which a company operates to assess the potential for profitability in an industry
its purpose is to combat competitive forces by identifying opportunities, competitive
advantages, and competitive intelligence
if the forces are strong -> increase competition
if the forces are weak -> decrease competition
Porter's three generic strategies - Answer✔generic business strategies that are neither
organization nor industry specific and can be applied to any business/product/service
Business Process - Answer✔standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as
processing a customers order
Value chain analysis - Answer✔views a firm as a series of business processes that each adds
value to the product or service
useful tool for determining how to create the greatest possible value for customers
Primary value activities - Answer✔acquire raw materials and manufacture, deliver, market, sell,
and provide after-sales services
-inbound logistics
-operations
-outbound logistics
-marketing and sales
-service
Support value activities - Answer✔these support the primary value activities
-firm infrastructure
-human resources management
3
ISA 235 Final Exam Questions And Answers
2025 Update.
Data - Answer✔raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Information - Answer✔data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Business Intelligence - Answer✔information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers,
customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic decision making
Knowledge - Answer✔includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information
and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources
Big data - Answer✔a collection of large, complex datasets, which cannot be analyzed using
traditional database methods and tools
4 characteristics of big data - Answer✔variety, veracity, volume, velocity
structured data - Answer✔has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates,
or strings
this data is storied in things like a relational database or excel spreadsheet.
ex.) customer address
accounts for about 20% of data
unstructured data - Answer✔is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is
typically free-form text
ex.) emails, tweets, and text messages
accounts for about 80% of the data
Analytics - Answer✔the science of fact-based decision making
1
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:11AM.
Business Analytics - Answer✔the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making
better decisions
Data Scientist - Answer✔extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical analysis, data
mining, and advanced analytics on big data to identify trends, market changes, and other
relevant information
business unit - Answer✔segment of a company representing a specific business function
ex.) HR, marketing, accounting
data silo - Answer✔occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate with other
business units, making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work cross-functionally
Data democratization - Answer✔the ability for data to be collected, analyzed, and accessible to
all users
the goal is to allow all employees the ability to collect and analyze data without requiring
outside help
System - Answer✔a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
Systems thinking - Answer✔A way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs
being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on
each part
MIS
(Management Information Systems) - Answer✔a business function, like accounting and HR,
which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to
facilitate decision making and problem solving
MIS incorporates systems thinking to help companies operate cross-functionally
MIS skills gap - Answer✔the difference between existing MIS workplace knowledge and the
knowledge required to fulfill the business goals and strategies
Business Strategy - Answer✔a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives
such as increasing sales, decreasing costs, entering new markets, or developing new
products/services
competitive advantage - Answer✔a feature of a product or service on which customers place a
greater value than they do on similar offerings from competitors
2
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:11AM.
SWOT analysis - Answer✔evaluates an organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies
Porter's Five Forces Model - Answer✔analyzes the competitive forces within the environment
in which a company operates to assess the potential for profitability in an industry
its purpose is to combat competitive forces by identifying opportunities, competitive
advantages, and competitive intelligence
if the forces are strong -> increase competition
if the forces are weak -> decrease competition
Porter's three generic strategies - Answer✔generic business strategies that are neither
organization nor industry specific and can be applied to any business/product/service
Business Process - Answer✔standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as
processing a customers order
Value chain analysis - Answer✔views a firm as a series of business processes that each adds
value to the product or service
useful tool for determining how to create the greatest possible value for customers
Primary value activities - Answer✔acquire raw materials and manufacture, deliver, market, sell,
and provide after-sales services
-inbound logistics
-operations
-outbound logistics
-marketing and sales
-service
Support value activities - Answer✔these support the primary value activities
-firm infrastructure
-human resources management
3
