2025/2026.
two main side to the explanation of gender differences
hereditary vs. environment
socialization theory
from time children are born, they are taught both explicitly and implicitly how to be man/how to be
a woman
how is masculinity expressed in American society?
physical courage, toughness, competitiveness, strength, control, dominance
how is femininity expressed by American society?
gentleness, expressiveness, responsiveness, sensitivity
what are most differences between masculinity and femininity bound by?
culture
society has a strong influence on gender roles. true or false?
true
how did women traditionally gain status?
being wives and mothers
double duty workload
husbands don't often pick up slack at home
traditional definition of manhood is costly to...
women, children, and themselves
phantom man rather than...
family man
co-parenting
begins with assumption that parenting responsibilities should be shared
co-parenting results in low marital happiness. true or false?
false
both nature and nurture and the interaction between them are important. true or false?
true
jesus is...
, our model of what it is like to be really human
jesus expressed both masculine and feminine characteristics. true or false?
true
intimacy
behavioral interdependence, fulfillment of needs, emotional attachment
position of vulnerability
for a person to share honestly what is going on internally
what phrase is often difficult for people to say?
I love you
when do humans need to hear expressions of love?
from birth to death
what happens when you keep emotions to yourself?
lose touch with self, lose potential connection with others
what is the basis of intimacy?
communicating love
communication is a one way street. true or false?
false
what are some nonverbal expressions of love?
face to face, enhanced by a variety of ways
obstacles to expressing love
fear, embarrassment, avoiding emotional expression, lack of time spent together
parent/child expressions
the most important factor in development of a child is the bond with their parents
both mothers and fathers shows equal affection to sons and daughters. true or false?
false
how do fathers express affection to their children?
according to sexual stereotypes
what do men tend to struggle with intimacy?
due to lack of warm relationships with their fathers, individuation is more difficult
what is marital adjustment linked to?
couple's ability to identify and express emotions