NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
1. what is the sensitivity of the Prostate Specific Anti- # men with prostate cancer
gen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer? # men with positive PSA
160
# men with negative PSA
40
total
200
The correct answer is 160/200.
Sensitivity is the proportion of
patients with the disease that
have a positive result; it is the
number of true positives divided
by the total number of patients
who have the disease.
2. A diagnostic test is used in a sample of 1000 The correct answer is 470/500.
patients. 500 of these patients have the disease,
while 500 do not. Of those 500 patients without Specificity is the proportion of
the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test nega- patients who test negative out
tive. What is the specificity of the test? of the total number of patients
who do not have the disease; it
is the number of true negatives
overall negatives. In this exam-
ple, 500/1000 patients have the
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
disease. Of those 500 patients
without the disease, 30 test pos-
itive, and 470 test negative.
3. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test refers the proportion of patients with a
to which of the following? positive test who have the dis-
ease.
4. Which of the following depends on the prevalence positive predictive value.
of the disease?
Predictive values depend on the
prevalence of disease in the pop-
ulation whereas sensitivity and
specificity are intrinsic properties
of the test. Reliability refers to the
consistency or stability of a mea-
sure.
5. A low pretest probability of disease may lead to low positive predictive value and
which of the following? more false-positive results.
Positive predictive value increas-
es with prevalence; therefore,
a low prevalence value yields
a low positive predictive value
and implies a high false-positive
rate. Negative predictive value
decreases with prevalence, and
sensitivity and specificity do not
vary with prevalence.
6. false-negative test results due to
a low negative predictive value.
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
If you strongly suspect that a patient is positive
for a specific condition but tests negative, the At the individual level, your clin-
negative result may be: ical suspicion is equivalent to
pre-test probability and high
prevalence at the population lev-
el. Negative predictive value is
inversely correlated with preva-
lence; therefore, your clinical
suspicion translates to a low neg-
ative predictive value, suggesting
a false-negative test result.
7. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CBC
complaint: Fever
Check CBC with differential for
neutrophil shift in suspected in-
fection
8. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CBC
complaint: Unexplained bruising
Check platelet count
9. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief Both CBC and CMP
complaint: Fatigue
Check RBC, Hgb and Hct for ane-
mia, CMP for potential liver or
kidney abnormalities
10. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CMP
complaint: Cardiac dysrhythmias
Monitor electrolytes for abnor-
malities
11.
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief Both CBC and CMP
complaint: Unexplained weight loss
Check WBC for inflammation or
possible cancer, CMP for glu-
cose, liver or kidney abnormali-
ties
12. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CMP
complaint: Edema
Check for kidney function
13. What is SNAPPS? Summarize the history and find-
ings
Narrow the differential diagnosis
to two or three possibilities
Analyze the differential by com-
paring and contrasting the pos-
sibilities
Probe the preceptor by asking
questions about alternative ap-
proaches or uncertainties
Plan the management of the
client's health issues
Select an issue from the case for
self-directed learning
14. Refer to the ER
1. what is the sensitivity of the Prostate Specific Anti- # men with prostate cancer
gen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer? # men with positive PSA
160
# men with negative PSA
40
total
200
The correct answer is 160/200.
Sensitivity is the proportion of
patients with the disease that
have a positive result; it is the
number of true positives divided
by the total number of patients
who have the disease.
2. A diagnostic test is used in a sample of 1000 The correct answer is 470/500.
patients. 500 of these patients have the disease,
while 500 do not. Of those 500 patients without Specificity is the proportion of
the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test nega- patients who test negative out
tive. What is the specificity of the test? of the total number of patients
who do not have the disease; it
is the number of true negatives
overall negatives. In this exam-
ple, 500/1000 patients have the
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
disease. Of those 500 patients
without the disease, 30 test pos-
itive, and 470 test negative.
3. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test refers the proportion of patients with a
to which of the following? positive test who have the dis-
ease.
4. Which of the following depends on the prevalence positive predictive value.
of the disease?
Predictive values depend on the
prevalence of disease in the pop-
ulation whereas sensitivity and
specificity are intrinsic properties
of the test. Reliability refers to the
consistency or stability of a mea-
sure.
5. A low pretest probability of disease may lead to low positive predictive value and
which of the following? more false-positive results.
Positive predictive value increas-
es with prevalence; therefore,
a low prevalence value yields
a low positive predictive value
and implies a high false-positive
rate. Negative predictive value
decreases with prevalence, and
sensitivity and specificity do not
vary with prevalence.
6. false-negative test results due to
a low negative predictive value.
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
If you strongly suspect that a patient is positive
for a specific condition but tests negative, the At the individual level, your clin-
negative result may be: ical suspicion is equivalent to
pre-test probability and high
prevalence at the population lev-
el. Negative predictive value is
inversely correlated with preva-
lence; therefore, your clinical
suspicion translates to a low neg-
ative predictive value, suggesting
a false-negative test result.
7. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CBC
complaint: Fever
Check CBC with differential for
neutrophil shift in suspected in-
fection
8. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CBC
complaint: Unexplained bruising
Check platelet count
9. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief Both CBC and CMP
complaint: Fatigue
Check RBC, Hgb and Hct for ane-
mia, CMP for potential liver or
kidney abnormalities
10. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CMP
complaint: Cardiac dysrhythmias
Monitor electrolytes for abnor-
malities
11.
, NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief Both CBC and CMP
complaint: Unexplained weight loss
Check WBC for inflammation or
possible cancer, CMP for glu-
cose, liver or kidney abnormali-
ties
12. Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief CMP
complaint: Edema
Check for kidney function
13. What is SNAPPS? Summarize the history and find-
ings
Narrow the differential diagnosis
to two or three possibilities
Analyze the differential by com-
paring and contrasting the pos-
sibilities
Probe the preceptor by asking
questions about alternative ap-
proaches or uncertainties
Plan the management of the
client's health issues
Select an issue from the case for
self-directed learning
14. Refer to the ER
