BIO 225 Midterm Practice Test
1. What is zoology?
The scientific study of animals
2. What is a dichotomous key?
A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world
3. What is a taxa outgroup?
A group that is closely related but not included within a given taxon
4. What is a taxa that we do not yet know how exactly fits on the tree?
Polytomy
5. What is Polytomy?
A node with more than 2 descendants (unresolved node)
6. What is homology?
Structural similarity due to common ancestry
7. What is analogy?
(Convergent evolution) structures that appear similar but have different evolutionary origins
8. How do you assess relatedness?
Look at how far back the most recent common ancestor is
9. Based on the phylogenetic tree: which taxa do we not yet know how it fits on the
tree?
Ctenophora, Cnidaria
, 10.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Which taxa has deuterosome development?
Echinodermata, chordata
11.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Which taxa have a segmented body plan?
Arthropoda, Chrodata, Annelida
12.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Are Rotifers more closely related to Acoelomorpha
than they are to Mollusca?
No, they are more closely related to Mollusca; Because Mollusca has a more recent common
ancestor
13.What are phylogenies?
They are working hypotheses
14.What are 2 characteristics of phylogenies?
They vary depending on the data set and they change overtime
15.True or False: Dichotomous keys will always give you an identification.
True: It just probably won't be correct
16.What type of relationships between phyla does the phylogenetic tress display?
Evolutionary
17.Give 2 examples of factors you should consider, or important caveats of which you
should be aware, when deciding what dichotomous key to use and how to use it?
1. Ensuring your using the correct one for your species
2. Ensuring you're using the correct one for the area you're in
18.When dichotomous keys present multiple characters per description, the order in
which the characters are presented indicates what?
1. What is zoology?
The scientific study of animals
2. What is a dichotomous key?
A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world
3. What is a taxa outgroup?
A group that is closely related but not included within a given taxon
4. What is a taxa that we do not yet know how exactly fits on the tree?
Polytomy
5. What is Polytomy?
A node with more than 2 descendants (unresolved node)
6. What is homology?
Structural similarity due to common ancestry
7. What is analogy?
(Convergent evolution) structures that appear similar but have different evolutionary origins
8. How do you assess relatedness?
Look at how far back the most recent common ancestor is
9. Based on the phylogenetic tree: which taxa do we not yet know how it fits on the
tree?
Ctenophora, Cnidaria
, 10.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Which taxa has deuterosome development?
Echinodermata, chordata
11.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Which taxa have a segmented body plan?
Arthropoda, Chrodata, Annelida
12.Based on the phylogenetic tree: Are Rotifers more closely related to Acoelomorpha
than they are to Mollusca?
No, they are more closely related to Mollusca; Because Mollusca has a more recent common
ancestor
13.What are phylogenies?
They are working hypotheses
14.What are 2 characteristics of phylogenies?
They vary depending on the data set and they change overtime
15.True or False: Dichotomous keys will always give you an identification.
True: It just probably won't be correct
16.What type of relationships between phyla does the phylogenetic tress display?
Evolutionary
17.Give 2 examples of factors you should consider, or important caveats of which you
should be aware, when deciding what dichotomous key to use and how to use it?
1. Ensuring your using the correct one for your species
2. Ensuring you're using the correct one for the area you're in
18.When dichotomous keys present multiple characters per description, the order in
which the characters are presented indicates what?
