test bank for understanding pathophysiology 7thedition by huether.

TESTdBANKdFORdUNDERSTANDINGdPATHOPHYSIOLOGYd7THdEDITIONdBYdHUETHER

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
d d d


Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
d d d d




MULTIPLEdCHOICE

1. Adstudentdisdobservingdadcelldunderdthedmicroscope.dItdisdobserv
eddtodhavedsupercoileddDNAwithdhistones.dWhichdofdthedfollowi
ngdwoulddalsodbedobserveddbydthedstudent?
a. Adsingledcirculardchromosome
b. Adnucleus
c. Free-floatingdnucleardmaterial
d. Nodorganelles
ANS:d B
Thedcellddescribeddisdadeukaryoticdcell,dsoditdhasdhistonesdanddads
upercoileddDNAdwithinditsnucleus;dthus,dthednucleusdshouldd bed
observed.dAdsingledcirculardchromosomedcalleddadprokaryotedco
ntainsdfree-floatingdnucleardmaterialdbutdhasdnodorganelles.

2. Adnursedisdinstructingdthedstaffdaboutdcellulardfunctions.dWhichdcellulardfunctiondisdthednursedd
escribingdwhendandisolateddcelldabsorbsdoxygendanddusesditdtodtransformdnutrientsdtodenergy?
a. Metabolicdabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:d D
Thedcell’sdabilitydtodabsorbdoxygendisdreferreddtodasdrespirationdwhileditsdcommunicationdabilitydinvol
vesdmaintenancedofdads te adNy ddynamicdstate,dmetabolicdabsorptiondprovidesdnutrition,danddsecretiond
allowsdfordthedsynthesizingdofdnewdsubstances.

3. AdeukaryoticdcelldisdundergoingdDNAdreplication.dIndwhichdregiondofdthedcelldwoulddmostdofdt
hedgeneticdinformationdbedcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusdcytoplasm

ANS:d C
Thedregiondofdthedcelldthatdcontainsdgeneticdmaterial,dincludingdadlargedamountdofdribonucleicdaci
d,dmostdofdthedDNA,danddDNA-
bindingdproteins,disdthednucleolus,dwhichdisdlocateddwithindthedcell’sdnucleus.dMitochondriadisda
ssociateddwithdcellulardrespirationdwhiledribosomesdaredinvolveddwithdproteindmanufacturing.d
Cytoplasmdisdadfluiddfillingdthatdisdadcomponentdofdthedcell.

4. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandremovedproteinsdattacheddtodthedcell’sdbilayerdbyddissolvingdthedl
ayerditself?
a. Peripheraldmembranedproteins
b. Integraldmembranedproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celldadhesiondmolecules

,TESTdBANKdFORdUNDERSTANDINGdPATHOPHYSIOLOGYd7THdEDITIONdBYdHUETHER

ANS:d B
Proteinsddirectlydattacheddtodthedmembranedbilayerdcandbedremoveddbydthedactiondofdintegraldme
mbranedproteinsdthatddissolvedthedbilayer.dPeripheraldmembranedproteinsdresidedatdthedsurfaced
whiledcelldadhesiondmoleculesdaredondthedoutsidedofdthedmembrane.dGlycoproteindmarksdcellsda
ndddoesdnotdfloat.

5. Whichdofdthedfollowingdcandbinddtodplasmadmembranedreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicdlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:d D
Ligandsdaredthedonlydspecificdmoleculesdthatdcandbinddwithdreceptorsdondthedcelldmembrane.

6. Adnursedisdreviewingdadreportdfromdadpatientdwithdmetastaticdcancer.dWhatdalternationdindthede
xtracellulardmatrixdwoulddsupportdtheddiagnosisdofdmetastaticdcancer?
a. Decreaseddfibronectin
b. Increaseddcollagen
c. Decreaseddelastin
d. Increaseddglycoproteins
ANS:d A
Onlydadreduceddamountdofdfibronectindisdfounddindsomedtypesdofdcancerousdcells,dallowingdthemd
todtraveldordmetastasize.

7. Whichdformdofdcelldcommunicationdisduseddtodrelatedtodotherdcellsdinddirectdphysicaldcontact?
a. Celldjunction N
b. Gapdjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightdjunction
ANS:d A
Celldjunctionsdholddcellsdtogetherdanddpermitdmoleculesdtodpassdfromdcelldtodcell.dGapdjunctionsdallow
dfordcellulardcommunicationdbetweendcells.dNeitherddesmosomesdnordtightdjunctionsdaredassociatedd

withdcellulardcommunication.

8. Pancreaticdbetadcellsdsecretedinsulin,dwhichdinhibitsdsecretiondofdglucagondfromdneighboringda
lphadcells.dThisdactiondisdandexampledofdwhichdofdthedfollowingdsignalingdtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal

ANS:d A
Paracrinedsignalingdinvolvesdthedreleasedofdlocaldchemicaldmediatorsdthatdaredquicklydtakendup,dd
estroyed,dordimmobilized,dasdindthedcasedofdinsulindanddthedinhibitiondofdthedsecretiondofdglucago
n.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdinvolvedsignalingdthatdisdassociateddwithdadlocaldchemicaldmediatord
likedinsulin.

9. Indcellulardmetabolism,deachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydforda:
a. solute.

, TESTdBANKdFORdUNDERSTANDINGdPATHOPHYSIOLOGYd7THdEDITIONdBYdHUETHER

b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS:d B
Eachdenzymedhasdadhighdaffinitydfordadsubstrate,dadspecificdsubstancedconverteddtodadproductdofdth
edreaction.dCellulardmetabolismdisdnotddependentdondandattractiondbetweendandenzymedanddanydo
fdthedremainingdoptions.

10. Andathletedrunsdadmarathon,dafterdwhichdhisdmusclesdfeeldfatigueddanddunabledtodcontract.dThedat
hletedasksdthednursedwhydthisdhappened.dThednurse’sdresponsedisdbaseddondthedknowledgedthatdthe
dproblemdisdresultdofdaddeficiencydof:

a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.

ANS:d C
WhendATPdisddeficient,dimpaireddmuscledcontractiondresults.dNonedofdthedotherdoptionsdaredinvo
lveddindmuscledcontraction.

11. WhichdphasedofdcatabolismdproducesdthedmostdATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricdaciddcycle

ANS:d D N
WhiledsomedATPdisdproduceddduringdthedoxidationdanddglycolysisdphases,d mostdofdthedATPdis
generateddduringdthedcitricdaciddcycle.dDigestionddoesdnotdproducedanydATP.

12. Adnursedisdteachingdthedstaffdaboutdthedphasesdofdcellulardcatabolism.dWhichdphasesdshoulddthedn
ursedinclude?
a. Digestion,dglycolysis,doxidation,danddthedcitricdaciddcycle
b. Diffusion,dosmosis,danddmediateddtransport
c. Sdphase,dGdphase,danddMdphase
d. Metabolicdabsorption,drespiration,danddexcretion
ANS:d A
Onlyddigestion,dglycolysis,doxidation,danddthedcitricdaciddcycledaredthedphasesdofdcellulardcatabol
ism.

13. Adrunnerdhasddepleteddalldthedoxygendavailabledfordmuscledenergy.dWhichdofdthedfollowingdwilldf
acilitatedhisdcontinueddmuscledperformance?
a. Electron-transportdchain
b. Aerobicdglycolysis
c. Anaerobicdglycolysis
d. Oxidativedphosphorylation
ANS:d C

, TESTdBANKdFORdUNDERSTANDINGdPATHOPHYSIOLOGYd7THdEDITIONdBYdHUETHER

Whendnodoxygendisdavailable,danaerobicdglycolysisdoccurs.dThedelectron-
transportdchaindisdpartdofdthedcitricdaciddcycle.dAerobicdglycolysisdinvolvesdthedpresencedofdoxyg
en.dOxidativedphosphorylationdisdthedmechanismdbydwhichdthedenergydproduceddfromdcarbohyd
rates,dfats,danddproteinsdisdtransferreddtodATP.dItdisdnotdpartdofdmuscledperformance.

14. Adfacultydmemberdasksdadstudentdtodidentifydthedappropriatedtermdfordthedmovementdofdadsolutedfr
omdandareadofdgreaterdtodlesserdconcentration.dWhichdanswerdindicatesdthednursingdstudentdunde
rstooddthedteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticdpressure
d. Activedtransport

ANS:d B
Diffusiondisdthedmovementdofdadsolutedmoleculedfromdandareadofdgreaterdsolutedconcentrationdtoda
ndareadofdlesserdsolutedconcentrationdthroughdadpermeabledmembrane.dOsmosisdisdthedmovement
dofdwaterdacrossdadsemipermeabledmembranedfromdadregiondofdhigherdwaterdconcentrationdtodone

dofdlowerdconcentration.dHydrostaticdpressuredisdthedforcedofdfluiddagainstdadcelldmembrane.dInda

ctivedtransport,dmoleculesdmovedupdadconcentrationdgradient.

15. Whichddescriptiondaccuratelyddescribesdelectrolytes?
a. Smalldlipid-solubledmolecules
b. Largedproteindmolecules
c. MicronutrientsduseddtodproducedATP
d. Electricallydchargeddmolecules
ANS:d D
ElectrolytesdaredelectricallydchaNr g ed dmolecules.dTheydarednotdlipiddsoluble,dtheydarednotdmade
updofdprotein,danddtheyddodnotd playdadroledindATPd production.

16. Adnursedisdreadingdadchartdanddseesdthedtermdoncoticdpressure.dThednursedrecallsdthatdoncoticdp
ressured(colloiddosmoticdpressure)disddetermineddby:
a. thedconcentrationdofdsodium.
b. plasmadproteins.
c. hydrostaticdpressure.
d. thedavailabilitydofdmembranedtransporterdproteins.
ANS:d B
Oncoticdpressuredisddetermineddbydthedeffectdofdcolloidsdordplasmadproteins.dThedconcentrationdo
fdsodiumdplaysdadroledindtonicity.dHydrostaticdpressuredisdthedforcedwithindadvessel.dMembranedtra
nsporterdproteinsdaredinvolveddindactivedtransportdwithindadconcentrationdgradient.

17. Adpatientdhasdadbodydfluiddofd300dmOsm/kg.dThisdlabdresultd isdmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticdpressure.
d. oncoticdpressure.
ANS:d A