SYG Exam 3 (questions with verified
answers)
health - correct answer ✔✔the extent of a person's physical, mental, and social
well-being
medicine - correct answer ✔✔refers to the social institution that seeks to prevent,
diagnose, and treat illness and to promote health in its various dimensions.
health care - correct answer ✔✔refers to the provision of medical services to
prevent, diagnose, and treat health problems.
functionalism theory (health care) - correct answer ✔✔Good health and effective
medical care are essential for the smooth functioning of society.
-Patients must perform the "sick role" in order to be perceived as legitimately ill
and to be exempt from their normal obligations.
-The physician-patient relationship is hierarchical: The physician provides
instructions, and the patient needs to follow them
conflict theory (health care) - correct answer ✔✔-Social inequality characterizes
the quality of health and the quality of health care.
-People from disadvantaged social backgrounds are more likely to become ill and
to receive inadequate health care.
-Partly to increase their incomes, physicians have tried to control the practice of
medicine and to define social problems as medical problems.
,symbolic interactionism (health care) - correct answer ✔✔-Health and illness are
social constructions:
Physical and mental conditions have little or no objective reality but instead are
considered healthy or ill conditions only if they are defined as such by a society.
-Physicians "manage the situation" to display their authority and medical
knowledge.
sick role (functionalist) - correct answer ✔✔-First, sick people should not be
perceived as having caused their own health problem.
-Second, sick people must want to get well
-Third, sick people are expected to have their illness confirmed by a physician or
other health-care professional and to follow the professional's instructions in
order to become well.
Describe how the nations of the world differ in important indicators of health and
illness - correct answer ✔✔-The poorest nations suffer terribly. Their people suffer
from poor nutrition, unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, rampant disease (AIDS),
and inadequate health care.
indicators:
-infant mortality rate
-life expectancy
health care in industrial nations - correct answer ✔✔Industrial nations throughout
the world, with the notable exception of the United States, provide their citizens
with some form of national health care and national health insurance
,-their governments pay all or most of the costs for health care, drugs, and other
health needs
success of health care in industrial nations? - correct answer ✔✔they are
commonly credited with reducing infant mortality, extending life expectancy, and,
more generally, for enabling their citizenries to have relatively good health. Their
populations are generally healthier than Americans,
Describe how and why social class affect physical health and health care in the
United States - correct answer ✔✔Poor:
poor adults are also at much greater risk for many health problems, including
heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancer.
life expectancy
Reasons: (1)stress - unemployment (impairs immune system)
(2) lack of access to adequate health care. (no insurance)
(3)conditions they live in - overcrowded -poor sanitation
(4)lack of education, which, in ways not yet well understood, leads poor people to
be unaware or unconcerned about risk factors for health and to have a fatalistic
attitude that promotes unhealthy behaviors and reluctance to heed medical
advice
social epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔refers to the study of how health and
illness vary by sociodemographic characteristics
health disparities - correct answer ✔✔certain sociodemographic variations
, race and ethnicity when it comes to health care problems - correct answer
✔✔African Americans can expect to live about five fewer years than whites.
-with African American infants more than twice as likely as white infants to die
before their first birthday
-Infant mortality among Native Americans is almost 1.5 times the white rate, while
that for Latinos is about the same
-African Americans are more likely than whites to die from heart disease, although
the white rate of such deaths is higher than the rates of Asians, Latinos, and
Native Americans.
-racial differences in health may also have a biological basis. For example, African
American men appear to have higher levels of a certain growth protein that may
promote prostate cancer; African
(reflects high poverty rate and diet and physical location where they live)
gender when it comes to health care - correct answer ✔✔Women outlive men by
more than six years
women have worse health than men in many areas. For example, they are more
likely to suffer from migraine headaches, osteoporosis, and immune diseases such
as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
--this is known as morbidity paradox---
-men have more life-threatening diseases, such as heart disease and emphysema
-(1)biological, as women's estrogen and other sex-linked biological differences
may make them less susceptible to heart disease and other life-threatening
illnesses,
-(2)Men are also more likely than women to hold jobs in workplaces filled with
environmental and safety hazards that kill thousands of people
answers)
health - correct answer ✔✔the extent of a person's physical, mental, and social
well-being
medicine - correct answer ✔✔refers to the social institution that seeks to prevent,
diagnose, and treat illness and to promote health in its various dimensions.
health care - correct answer ✔✔refers to the provision of medical services to
prevent, diagnose, and treat health problems.
functionalism theory (health care) - correct answer ✔✔Good health and effective
medical care are essential for the smooth functioning of society.
-Patients must perform the "sick role" in order to be perceived as legitimately ill
and to be exempt from their normal obligations.
-The physician-patient relationship is hierarchical: The physician provides
instructions, and the patient needs to follow them
conflict theory (health care) - correct answer ✔✔-Social inequality characterizes
the quality of health and the quality of health care.
-People from disadvantaged social backgrounds are more likely to become ill and
to receive inadequate health care.
-Partly to increase their incomes, physicians have tried to control the practice of
medicine and to define social problems as medical problems.
,symbolic interactionism (health care) - correct answer ✔✔-Health and illness are
social constructions:
Physical and mental conditions have little or no objective reality but instead are
considered healthy or ill conditions only if they are defined as such by a society.
-Physicians "manage the situation" to display their authority and medical
knowledge.
sick role (functionalist) - correct answer ✔✔-First, sick people should not be
perceived as having caused their own health problem.
-Second, sick people must want to get well
-Third, sick people are expected to have their illness confirmed by a physician or
other health-care professional and to follow the professional's instructions in
order to become well.
Describe how the nations of the world differ in important indicators of health and
illness - correct answer ✔✔-The poorest nations suffer terribly. Their people suffer
from poor nutrition, unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, rampant disease (AIDS),
and inadequate health care.
indicators:
-infant mortality rate
-life expectancy
health care in industrial nations - correct answer ✔✔Industrial nations throughout
the world, with the notable exception of the United States, provide their citizens
with some form of national health care and national health insurance
,-their governments pay all or most of the costs for health care, drugs, and other
health needs
success of health care in industrial nations? - correct answer ✔✔they are
commonly credited with reducing infant mortality, extending life expectancy, and,
more generally, for enabling their citizenries to have relatively good health. Their
populations are generally healthier than Americans,
Describe how and why social class affect physical health and health care in the
United States - correct answer ✔✔Poor:
poor adults are also at much greater risk for many health problems, including
heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancer.
life expectancy
Reasons: (1)stress - unemployment (impairs immune system)
(2) lack of access to adequate health care. (no insurance)
(3)conditions they live in - overcrowded -poor sanitation
(4)lack of education, which, in ways not yet well understood, leads poor people to
be unaware or unconcerned about risk factors for health and to have a fatalistic
attitude that promotes unhealthy behaviors and reluctance to heed medical
advice
social epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔refers to the study of how health and
illness vary by sociodemographic characteristics
health disparities - correct answer ✔✔certain sociodemographic variations
, race and ethnicity when it comes to health care problems - correct answer
✔✔African Americans can expect to live about five fewer years than whites.
-with African American infants more than twice as likely as white infants to die
before their first birthday
-Infant mortality among Native Americans is almost 1.5 times the white rate, while
that for Latinos is about the same
-African Americans are more likely than whites to die from heart disease, although
the white rate of such deaths is higher than the rates of Asians, Latinos, and
Native Americans.
-racial differences in health may also have a biological basis. For example, African
American men appear to have higher levels of a certain growth protein that may
promote prostate cancer; African
(reflects high poverty rate and diet and physical location where they live)
gender when it comes to health care - correct answer ✔✔Women outlive men by
more than six years
women have worse health than men in many areas. For example, they are more
likely to suffer from migraine headaches, osteoporosis, and immune diseases such
as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
--this is known as morbidity paradox---
-men have more life-threatening diseases, such as heart disease and emphysema
-(1)biological, as women's estrogen and other sex-linked biological differences
may make them less susceptible to heart disease and other life-threatening
illnesses,
-(2)Men are also more likely than women to hold jobs in workplaces filled with
environmental and safety hazards that kill thousands of people
