BLD 435 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
describe the major function of all formed components of whole blood.
red blood cells: carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues. They also bring carbon
dioxide back to your lungs. Red blood cells make up almost half of your blood. The
lifespan of a red blood cell is around 120 day
white blood cells: immune cells, protect your body against infection
platelets: to prevent and stop bleeding. If a blood vessel is damaged, the body sends
signals to platelets which cause them to travel to the injured area. Once the platelets
arrive at the site, they clump together to form a clot that helps stop bleeding.
name the principle element of plasma which contributes to coagulation.
fibrinogen plays a major role in blood clotting along with other procoagulants like
thrombin and factor X
describe the composition of whole blood.
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
differentiate plasma and serum.
“Serum” is the fluid obtained when whole blood clots, as it will do spontaneously when it
contacts a surface such as glass or plastic. Clotting is pre-programmed into the
components of blood to prevent excessive blood loss from a minor wound. In a lab
setting, it is common to centrifuge the clotted blood, including red cells, to the bottom of
the collection tube, leaving a straw-colored liquid above the clot.
,“Plasma” is the fluid component of blood. It is obtained when a clotting-prevention agent
is added to whole blood and then placed in a centrifuge to separate the cellular material
from the lighter liquid layer. Common anti-coagulant agents are EDTA
(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), heparin, and citrate.
we know plasma is used for hematology testing and coagulation studies. Whereas
serum can be used more towards blood bank and chemistry.
decide whether serum or plasma can be used when given a situation with
specified requirements, especially for C activity.
serum and plasma are interchangeable for anti-body testing unless complement is
required for antibody detection. in such rare cases ONLY serum provides complement .
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of serum vs calcium-
chelated plasma vs heparinized plasma in immunohematology.
advantages of using serum:
- complement is present
disadvantages of using serum:
- coag factors are all used up
advantages of using calcium-chelated plasma:
- coag factors are present, mostly for coagulation (clotting) studies.
disadvantages of using calcium-chelated plasma:
- prevents hemolysis
- no complement present
advantages of using heparinized plasma: used for chemistry
,disadvantages of using heparinized plasma: Inactivates thrombin and thromboplastin.
so cant test for coagulation
describe the effect of using a calcium-chelating anticoagulant in
immunohematology.
Can block hemolysis by using EDTA or citrate plasma: it binds to calcium and
EDTA chelates calcium. why calcium is needed to activate complement and therefore
start hemolysis - Is C1qrs is held together by calcium so if we cheekily calcium C1qrs
won't be a stable compound and complement won't be activated and therefore we will
block hemolysis. if blocked hemolysis occurs we will not know if we have a positive
reaction
define the following terms: chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
define the following terms: recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed
in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant
characteristic inherited from one parent
define the following terms: gene
(in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is
held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
define the following terms: codominant
, Codominance, as it relates to genetics, refers to a type of inheritance in which two
versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different
traits in an individual.
define the following terms: allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at
the same place on a chromosome.
define the following terms: amorph
without a clearly defined shape or form.is an allele that has no apparent gene product
define the following terms: locus
The physical site or location of a specific gene on a chromosome
define the following terms: linked genes
the closeness of genes or other DNA sequences to one another on the same
chromosome
define the following terms: homozygous
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus.
define the following terms: CIS
is added to the name of a molecule when two atoms or groups are situated on the same
side of a plane of symmetry passing through the molecule, like a double bond between
two carbon atoms.
define the following terms: heterozygous
An individual that contains two different alleles of a gene
define the following terms: TRANS
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
describe the major function of all formed components of whole blood.
red blood cells: carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues. They also bring carbon
dioxide back to your lungs. Red blood cells make up almost half of your blood. The
lifespan of a red blood cell is around 120 day
white blood cells: immune cells, protect your body against infection
platelets: to prevent and stop bleeding. If a blood vessel is damaged, the body sends
signals to platelets which cause them to travel to the injured area. Once the platelets
arrive at the site, they clump together to form a clot that helps stop bleeding.
name the principle element of plasma which contributes to coagulation.
fibrinogen plays a major role in blood clotting along with other procoagulants like
thrombin and factor X
describe the composition of whole blood.
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
differentiate plasma and serum.
“Serum” is the fluid obtained when whole blood clots, as it will do spontaneously when it
contacts a surface such as glass or plastic. Clotting is pre-programmed into the
components of blood to prevent excessive blood loss from a minor wound. In a lab
setting, it is common to centrifuge the clotted blood, including red cells, to the bottom of
the collection tube, leaving a straw-colored liquid above the clot.
,“Plasma” is the fluid component of blood. It is obtained when a clotting-prevention agent
is added to whole blood and then placed in a centrifuge to separate the cellular material
from the lighter liquid layer. Common anti-coagulant agents are EDTA
(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), heparin, and citrate.
we know plasma is used for hematology testing and coagulation studies. Whereas
serum can be used more towards blood bank and chemistry.
decide whether serum or plasma can be used when given a situation with
specified requirements, especially for C activity.
serum and plasma are interchangeable for anti-body testing unless complement is
required for antibody detection. in such rare cases ONLY serum provides complement .
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of serum vs calcium-
chelated plasma vs heparinized plasma in immunohematology.
advantages of using serum:
- complement is present
disadvantages of using serum:
- coag factors are all used up
advantages of using calcium-chelated plasma:
- coag factors are present, mostly for coagulation (clotting) studies.
disadvantages of using calcium-chelated plasma:
- prevents hemolysis
- no complement present
advantages of using heparinized plasma: used for chemistry
,disadvantages of using heparinized plasma: Inactivates thrombin and thromboplastin.
so cant test for coagulation
describe the effect of using a calcium-chelating anticoagulant in
immunohematology.
Can block hemolysis by using EDTA or citrate plasma: it binds to calcium and
EDTA chelates calcium. why calcium is needed to activate complement and therefore
start hemolysis - Is C1qrs is held together by calcium so if we cheekily calcium C1qrs
won't be a stable compound and complement won't be activated and therefore we will
block hemolysis. if blocked hemolysis occurs we will not know if we have a positive
reaction
define the following terms: chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
define the following terms: recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed
in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant
characteristic inherited from one parent
define the following terms: gene
(in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is
held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
define the following terms: codominant
, Codominance, as it relates to genetics, refers to a type of inheritance in which two
versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different
traits in an individual.
define the following terms: allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at
the same place on a chromosome.
define the following terms: amorph
without a clearly defined shape or form.is an allele that has no apparent gene product
define the following terms: locus
The physical site or location of a specific gene on a chromosome
define the following terms: linked genes
the closeness of genes or other DNA sequences to one another on the same
chromosome
define the following terms: homozygous
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus.
define the following terms: CIS
is added to the name of a molecule when two atoms or groups are situated on the same
side of a plane of symmetry passing through the molecule, like a double bond between
two carbon atoms.
define the following terms: heterozygous
An individual that contains two different alleles of a gene
define the following terms: TRANS
