Complete Chapters Included ✅
Chapter 01 5e
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What are two biochemical features that are obligatory for a cell to exist?
a. plasma membrane and nucleus
b. nucleus and cytoplasm
c. storage for genetic information and a lipid bilayer
d. plasma membrane and nucleoid
e. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
ANSWER: e
2. Which biological process occurs on rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but not on smooth ER?
a. processing of exogenous chemicals
b. transcription
c. translation
d. phagocytosis
e. DNA replication
ANSWER: c
3. You are a researcher studying the function of a protein called mastermind. This protein functions in neuronal
cells to assist in the transmission of electrical signals. In one of your experiments, you notice that mastermind is
present in the neuronal cells, but not functioning properly. Other cellular functions appear normal. Select the
likely explanation for your observations.
a. A mutation in the mastermind mRNA has occurred.
b. Ribosomes are not functioning properly.
c. RNA polymerase is not functioning properly.
d. The mastermind gene is missing from the genome.
e. DNA polymerase is not functioning properly.
ANSWER: a
4. An unusual accumulation of mRNA molecules is observed in the cytoplasm of a cell with low levels of protein.
Which enzyme or cell structure is likely malfunctioning in this cell?
a. DNA polymerase
b. plasma membrane
c. ribosomes
d. RNA polymerase
e. secretory granule
ANSWER: c
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
5. Where are secreted proteins modified?
a. smooth ER and transport vesicle
b. the Golgi complex and smooth ER
c. rough ER and transport vesicle
d. the Golgi complex and transport vesicle
e. rough ER and the Golgi complex
ANSWER: e
6. The linear structure of proteins is constructed by linking ____ with _____ bonds.
a. nucleotides; covalent
b. amino acids; peptide
c. amino acids; phosphodiester
d. polypeptides; hydrogen
e. amino acids; hydrogen
ANSWER: b
7. Which of the following is NOT a biochemical process that occurs in the cytoplasm?
a. mRNA synthesis
b. glucose metabolism
c. fatty acid synthesis
d. protein synthesis
e. endosome-lysosome fusion
ANSWER: a
8. How many times more carbon is contained in organisms than in Earth's crust?
a. 60 times
b. 50 times
c. 9.5 times
d. 10 times
e. 100 times
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
9. Which is TRUE of both familial hypercholesterolemia and Tay–Sachs disease?
a. Both diseases are the result of improper gene expression.
b. Both diseases are the result of disruptions in the microbiome.
c. Both diseases are the result of improper combustion of fuels.
d. Both diseases are the result of malfunctions in specific cellular organelles.
e. Both diseases are the result of an inability to store glucose molecules as glycogen.
ANSWER: d
10. Which is an example of the selective permeability of cell membranes?
a. oxygen diffusing freely across the plasma membrane
b. proteins embedded in the plasma membrane facilitating entry of glucose
c. free movement of water across a cell membrane
d. phospholipids containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
e. proteins associated with the plasma membrane transducing information
ANSWER: b
11. Which three elements make up the majority of organisms, listed in descending order of abundance (as a
percentage) in humans?
a. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
b. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
c. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen
d. nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
e. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
ANSWER: b
12. Which match between the loss of a particular organelle with the associated disease is TRUE?
a. hypercholesterolemia – smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. diabetes – endosome
c. Tay-Sachs disease – lysosome
d. muscle degeneration – mitochondria
e. stroke – Golgi body
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
13. The abundance of which element makes living organisms unique?
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. phosphorous
d. nitrogen
e. carbon
ANSWER: e
14. The half-life of what molecule is likely to be the shortest?
a. protein
b. lipid
c. carbohydrate
d. DNA
e. mRNA
ANSWER: e
15. Which three components make up the monomers that are put together to form DNA?
a. ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three hydroxyl groups
b. ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three phosphoryl groups
c. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three phosphoryl groups
d. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three amino groups
e. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three hydroxyl groups
ANSWER: c
16. What is the basic unit of life?
a. DNA
b. protein
c. RNA
d. cell
e. biomolecular complexes
ANSWER: d
Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
17. Which is NOT a functional role of proteins?
a. catalysis
b. signal transduction
c. cell-cell recognition
d. cell mobility
e. storage of genetic information
ANSWER: e
18. What can serve as sites of cell-to-cell interactions?
a. molecules of glycogen
b. branched chains of carbohydrates
c. branched proteins
d. hydrophobic tails of lipids
e. hydrophilic heads of lipids
ANSWER: b
19. Which sequence of steps preceding DNA replication is TRUE?
a. The DNA polymerase gene is transcribed in the nucleus → the DNA is translated into the enzyme on
ER → the enzyme is translocated through nuclear pores into the nucleus.
b. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is synthesized in the nucleus → the mRNA is transferred to the
cytoplasm → the DNA polymerase is synthesized on the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated
through nuclear pores into the nucleus.
c. The DNA polymerase gene is translated in the nucleus → the mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm →
transcription takes place in the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated through nuclear pores into the
nucleus.
d. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is translated in the cytoplasm→ the enzyme is transferred to the
nucleus → transcription takes place in the ribosome.
e. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is synthesized in the cytoplasm → the mRNA is transferred to the
nucleus → the DNA polymerase is synthesized on the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated through
nuclear pores out of the nucleus.
ANSWER: b
Page 5
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
20. Which process is similar to the formation of lysosomes?
a. formation of secretory granules
b. endocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. formation of transport vesicles
e. stacking of membranes
ANSWER: a
21. Translation takes place on/in the:
a. ribosomes.
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
c. nucleus.
d. DNA polymerases.
e. DNA parent strand.
ANSWER: a
22. What is NOT a primary function of proteins?
a. signal receptors
b. energy storage
c. signal molecules
d. structural units
e. defensive agents
ANSWER: b
23. What experiments would you perform to verify the existence of the endoplasmic reticulum in a strain of
bacteria?
a. determine whether the bacterium can synthesize ATP in the presence of fuel molecules and O2
b. determine whether the bacterium can synthesize proteins
c. determine whether the bacterium generates CO2 in the presence of fuel molecules
d. determine whether the bacterium has an internal membrane-enclosed compartment
e. determine whether lipids can form a bilayer structure in the bacterial cell
ANSWER: d
Page 6
Chapter 01 5e
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What are two biochemical features that are obligatory for a cell to exist?
a. plasma membrane and nucleus
b. nucleus and cytoplasm
c. storage for genetic information and a lipid bilayer
d. plasma membrane and nucleoid
e. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
ANSWER: e
2. Which biological process occurs on rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but not on smooth ER?
a. processing of exogenous chemicals
b. transcription
c. translation
d. phagocytosis
e. DNA replication
ANSWER: c
3. You are a researcher studying the function of a protein called mastermind. This protein functions in neuronal
cells to assist in the transmission of electrical signals. In one of your experiments, you notice that mastermind is
present in the neuronal cells, but not functioning properly. Other cellular functions appear normal. Select the
likely explanation for your observations.
a. A mutation in the mastermind mRNA has occurred.
b. Ribosomes are not functioning properly.
c. RNA polymerase is not functioning properly.
d. The mastermind gene is missing from the genome.
e. DNA polymerase is not functioning properly.
ANSWER: a
4. An unusual accumulation of mRNA molecules is observed in the cytoplasm of a cell with low levels of protein.
Which enzyme or cell structure is likely malfunctioning in this cell?
a. DNA polymerase
b. plasma membrane
c. ribosomes
d. RNA polymerase
e. secretory granule
ANSWER: c
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
5. Where are secreted proteins modified?
a. smooth ER and transport vesicle
b. the Golgi complex and smooth ER
c. rough ER and transport vesicle
d. the Golgi complex and transport vesicle
e. rough ER and the Golgi complex
ANSWER: e
6. The linear structure of proteins is constructed by linking ____ with _____ bonds.
a. nucleotides; covalent
b. amino acids; peptide
c. amino acids; phosphodiester
d. polypeptides; hydrogen
e. amino acids; hydrogen
ANSWER: b
7. Which of the following is NOT a biochemical process that occurs in the cytoplasm?
a. mRNA synthesis
b. glucose metabolism
c. fatty acid synthesis
d. protein synthesis
e. endosome-lysosome fusion
ANSWER: a
8. How many times more carbon is contained in organisms than in Earth's crust?
a. 60 times
b. 50 times
c. 9.5 times
d. 10 times
e. 100 times
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
9. Which is TRUE of both familial hypercholesterolemia and Tay–Sachs disease?
a. Both diseases are the result of improper gene expression.
b. Both diseases are the result of disruptions in the microbiome.
c. Both diseases are the result of improper combustion of fuels.
d. Both diseases are the result of malfunctions in specific cellular organelles.
e. Both diseases are the result of an inability to store glucose molecules as glycogen.
ANSWER: d
10. Which is an example of the selective permeability of cell membranes?
a. oxygen diffusing freely across the plasma membrane
b. proteins embedded in the plasma membrane facilitating entry of glucose
c. free movement of water across a cell membrane
d. phospholipids containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
e. proteins associated with the plasma membrane transducing information
ANSWER: b
11. Which three elements make up the majority of organisms, listed in descending order of abundance (as a
percentage) in humans?
a. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
b. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
c. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen
d. nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
e. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
ANSWER: b
12. Which match between the loss of a particular organelle with the associated disease is TRUE?
a. hypercholesterolemia – smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. diabetes – endosome
c. Tay-Sachs disease – lysosome
d. muscle degeneration – mitochondria
e. stroke – Golgi body
ANSWER: c
Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
13. The abundance of which element makes living organisms unique?
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. phosphorous
d. nitrogen
e. carbon
ANSWER: e
14. The half-life of what molecule is likely to be the shortest?
a. protein
b. lipid
c. carbohydrate
d. DNA
e. mRNA
ANSWER: e
15. Which three components make up the monomers that are put together to form DNA?
a. ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three hydroxyl groups
b. ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three phosphoryl groups
c. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three phosphoryl groups
d. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three amino groups
e. deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and three hydroxyl groups
ANSWER: c
16. What is the basic unit of life?
a. DNA
b. protein
c. RNA
d. cell
e. biomolecular complexes
ANSWER: d
Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
17. Which is NOT a functional role of proteins?
a. catalysis
b. signal transduction
c. cell-cell recognition
d. cell mobility
e. storage of genetic information
ANSWER: e
18. What can serve as sites of cell-to-cell interactions?
a. molecules of glycogen
b. branched chains of carbohydrates
c. branched proteins
d. hydrophobic tails of lipids
e. hydrophilic heads of lipids
ANSWER: b
19. Which sequence of steps preceding DNA replication is TRUE?
a. The DNA polymerase gene is transcribed in the nucleus → the DNA is translated into the enzyme on
ER → the enzyme is translocated through nuclear pores into the nucleus.
b. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is synthesized in the nucleus → the mRNA is transferred to the
cytoplasm → the DNA polymerase is synthesized on the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated
through nuclear pores into the nucleus.
c. The DNA polymerase gene is translated in the nucleus → the mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm →
transcription takes place in the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated through nuclear pores into the
nucleus.
d. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is translated in the cytoplasm→ the enzyme is transferred to the
nucleus → transcription takes place in the ribosome.
e. mRNA of the DNA polymerase gene is synthesized in the cytoplasm → the mRNA is transferred to the
nucleus → the DNA polymerase is synthesized on the ribosome → the enzyme is translocated through
nuclear pores out of the nucleus.
ANSWER: b
Page 5
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 5e
20. Which process is similar to the formation of lysosomes?
a. formation of secretory granules
b. endocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. formation of transport vesicles
e. stacking of membranes
ANSWER: a
21. Translation takes place on/in the:
a. ribosomes.
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
c. nucleus.
d. DNA polymerases.
e. DNA parent strand.
ANSWER: a
22. What is NOT a primary function of proteins?
a. signal receptors
b. energy storage
c. signal molecules
d. structural units
e. defensive agents
ANSWER: b
23. What experiments would you perform to verify the existence of the endoplasmic reticulum in a strain of
bacteria?
a. determine whether the bacterium can synthesize ATP in the presence of fuel molecules and O2
b. determine whether the bacterium can synthesize proteins
c. determine whether the bacterium generates CO2 in the presence of fuel molecules
d. determine whether the bacterium has an internal membrane-enclosed compartment
e. determine whether lipids can form a bilayer structure in the bacterial cell
ANSWER: d
Page 6
