INST 203 Exam Prep: Questions With Correct Solutions
Why do Quebec historians deny metissage led to emergence of new nation
(Dickason) Right Ans - - claim that metissage never even really happened
since intermarriage was considered a disfavour in New France
- claim that Metis were just a category of French identity, not a new identity
- claim that identification was either french, english or indigenous, no new
nation
What was the "frenchification" policy (Dickason) Right Ans - - The french
sent out people to marry indigenous women and have children that could be
absorbed into the colony
- spiritual conformity was prioritized over race in order to accept all and grow
numbers
- believed that mixed children were actually white and just turning brown
because of certain lifestyle practices, and so could be changed to be french
Marriage a la facon du pays (Dickason) Right Ans - refers to the practice of
common-law marriage between European fur traders and aboriginal or Métis
women in the North American fur trade, in which men were not required to
honour the marriages or take care of the children
Who approved and who disapproved of marriage "du pays" (Dickason)
Right Ans - - church disapproved because it was outside of Christian practice
- missionaries supported it because it had political and economic benefits
What were the economic benefits of intermarriage (Dickason) Right Ans - -
Better access to fur trade networks
- growth of the fur trade industry
- children were good for employment
- accommodation for fur travellers while travelling
What were the political benefits of intermarriage (Dickason) Right Ans - -
Children were good for military service
- developed alliance and kinship between communities
- children could interpret between communities
Old Northwest (Dickason) Right Ans - Area of the great lakes and Ohio
valley
, Why did Metis Nation not emerge from Old Northwest (Dickason) Right
Ans - - increased settlement discouraged emergence of separate identity and
pushed families to move west
- mixed population was more scattered, lack of important trade routes
- various labours roles were filled by mixed communities, not only related to
fur trade
- lack of collective identity due to differences
What factors led to Metis development in the Far Northwest (Dickason)
Right Ans - - Isolation: no other populations nearby to interfere with collective
identity development
- slowness of settlement: when settlers finally came to the region, they were
outnumbered
- importance of the fur trade: economic dependance on fur trade and alliances
formed encouraged more intermarriage
classic image of metis (Foster) Right Ans - French speaking roman
catholics, non-indian native heritage buffalo hunters of the Red River region
French fur trade tradition (Foster) Right Ans - - used fur trade as a means
of expansion rather than seeing it as the reason for expansion
- used as a means of extending french influence
- reliance on social ties and kinship
coureurs de bois (foster) Right Ans - (runners of the woods) French fur
traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, mainly from the St. Lawrence
trade region
Home Guard Indians (foster) Right Ans - Indigenous groups living near
HBC trading posts, who acted as a protective force and facilitated interaction
between communities
How was matrilocality present in the fur trade (Foster) Right Ans -
Children were associated with their mothers and associated socioculturally
with her way of life (i.e. if she stayed with Indian band vs moving to trade
post)
Why do Quebec historians deny metissage led to emergence of new nation
(Dickason) Right Ans - - claim that metissage never even really happened
since intermarriage was considered a disfavour in New France
- claim that Metis were just a category of French identity, not a new identity
- claim that identification was either french, english or indigenous, no new
nation
What was the "frenchification" policy (Dickason) Right Ans - - The french
sent out people to marry indigenous women and have children that could be
absorbed into the colony
- spiritual conformity was prioritized over race in order to accept all and grow
numbers
- believed that mixed children were actually white and just turning brown
because of certain lifestyle practices, and so could be changed to be french
Marriage a la facon du pays (Dickason) Right Ans - refers to the practice of
common-law marriage between European fur traders and aboriginal or Métis
women in the North American fur trade, in which men were not required to
honour the marriages or take care of the children
Who approved and who disapproved of marriage "du pays" (Dickason)
Right Ans - - church disapproved because it was outside of Christian practice
- missionaries supported it because it had political and economic benefits
What were the economic benefits of intermarriage (Dickason) Right Ans - -
Better access to fur trade networks
- growth of the fur trade industry
- children were good for employment
- accommodation for fur travellers while travelling
What were the political benefits of intermarriage (Dickason) Right Ans - -
Children were good for military service
- developed alliance and kinship between communities
- children could interpret between communities
Old Northwest (Dickason) Right Ans - Area of the great lakes and Ohio
valley
, Why did Metis Nation not emerge from Old Northwest (Dickason) Right
Ans - - increased settlement discouraged emergence of separate identity and
pushed families to move west
- mixed population was more scattered, lack of important trade routes
- various labours roles were filled by mixed communities, not only related to
fur trade
- lack of collective identity due to differences
What factors led to Metis development in the Far Northwest (Dickason)
Right Ans - - Isolation: no other populations nearby to interfere with collective
identity development
- slowness of settlement: when settlers finally came to the region, they were
outnumbered
- importance of the fur trade: economic dependance on fur trade and alliances
formed encouraged more intermarriage
classic image of metis (Foster) Right Ans - French speaking roman
catholics, non-indian native heritage buffalo hunters of the Red River region
French fur trade tradition (Foster) Right Ans - - used fur trade as a means
of expansion rather than seeing it as the reason for expansion
- used as a means of extending french influence
- reliance on social ties and kinship
coureurs de bois (foster) Right Ans - (runners of the woods) French fur
traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, mainly from the St. Lawrence
trade region
Home Guard Indians (foster) Right Ans - Indigenous groups living near
HBC trading posts, who acted as a protective force and facilitated interaction
between communities
How was matrilocality present in the fur trade (Foster) Right Ans -
Children were associated with their mothers and associated socioculturally
with her way of life (i.e. if she stayed with Indian band vs moving to trade
post)
