CHAPTER 4: DIGITAL LITERACY/DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY
4.1 Introduction
Demonstrate digital literacy unit of competency is among the seven basic competencies
units offered in all the TVET level 6 qualification. This unit covers the knowledge, skills,
and behaviours required to effectively use computer and other PCs, digital devices such as
smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop. It entails identifying and using digital devices
for purposes of communication, work performance and management at the work place.
Digital literacy is siginificant to TVET level 6 curriculum due to the critical role that
technology plays in societal and industrial growth. Digital literacy has also gained
recognition as a valuable tool for lifelong learning and collaboration in this global village.
The critical aspects of competency to be covered include control of security threats,
computer crimes, applying word processing and spreadsheet in accordance with workplace
procedures, integrating emerging issues in computer ICT applications and applying laws
governing protection of ICT. The basic resources required include digital devices such as
desktop computers, laptop computers, smart phone, printers, internet access, computer
software among others. The unit of competency covers six learning outcomes. Each
learning outcome presents learning activities that cover performance criteria statements,
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thus creating opportunity for the trainees to demonstrate knowledge and skills in the
.c
et
occupational standards and content in the curriculum. Information sheets provide;
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sy
definition of key terms, content and illustration to guide in training. The competency may
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be assessed through written tests, demonstration, practical assignment, interview/oral
questioning and case study. Self assesssement is provided at the end of each learning
outcome. Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and
job role is recommended.
4.2 Performance Standard
Apply security measures to data, hardware and software in solving tasks in automated
environment in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications, work procedures,
prevailing technology and laws governing protection of ICT.
4.3 Learning Outcomes
4.3.1 List of learning outcomes
a) Identify computer software and hardware.
b) Apply security measures to data, hardware and software in automated environment.
c) Apply computer software in solving tasks.
d) Apply internet and email in communication at workplace.
e) Apply desktop publishing in official assignments.
f) Prepare presentation packages.
127
,4.3.2 Learning Outcome No 1: Identify appropriate computer software and hardware
4.3.2.1 Learning Activities
Learning Outcome No 1: Identify appropriate computer software and hardware
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1.1 Determine concepts of ICT in accordance with computer Computer software
equipment. and hardware to be
1.2 Determine classifications of computers in accordance with provided.
manufacturer’s specification.
1.3 Identify appropriate computer software (a collection of Activities may be
instructions or computer tools that enable the user to interact with carried out in groups
a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks) according to or individually.
manufacturer’s specification.
1.4 Identify appropriate computer hardware (collection of physical
parts of a computer system such as monitor, keyboard, and
mouse) according to manufacturer’s specification.
1.5 Determine functions and commands of operating system
accordance with manufacturer’s specification.
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4.3.2.2 Information Sheet No4/LO1: Identify appropriate computer software and
et
tv
hardware
sy
ea
Introduction
Digital literacy is an important topic in the modern world. Literacy is the urge to read and
learn. So digital literacy is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills to effectively use
computers and other technology devices. Some of the computer hardware are,
desktop/monitor, printers, scanners, mouse, Keyboard, and storage devices (hard disk). The
computer software includes Windows, Linux, UNIX. These are the operating system
software.
Under the computer software’s we also have application software’s which include: word
processors (e.g. Microsoft word), spreadsheets (e.g. Microsoft Excel), graphic
presentations (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint), and the database management systems (e.g.
Microsoft access).
Definition of Key Terms
Information computer technology: This is an extensional term to IT that stresses on
systems that enable users to access, store, transmit and manipulate information. ICT is a
broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically or in a digital form (e.g. emails).
Computer software: Computer software is a collection of instructions that enable the user
to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. It is used or needed for input,
128
,processing, output, storage and management of activities. Softwares which are used for
inputting data in the system include; word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation
software. Software used for storage include cloud storage where the output is stored or
hosted using resources in data centers and delivered to end users over the internet. Software
for management of activities include database management systems which allow users to
process data into useful information.
Computer hardware: This is any tangible device in the computer environment. Some of
the hardware that maybe encountered in this topic are:
Monitor: This is the main output device of a computer. It is commonly known as
Visual Display Unit (VDU).
Printer: is used to print information of paper.
Storage devices: these include flash disks, hard disks and optical disks (e.g. CDs).
Input devices: such as the mouse and keyboard.
Internet: This is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. The internet carries a vast range of
information, resources and services. Picture information is shared via the internet.
Digital literacy: While literacy is defined as the ability to read and write, digital literacy is
om
the ability to access, process, understand and create information in the digital environment.
.c
et
tv
sy
Content/Procedures/Methods/Illustrations
ea
1.1 Concepts and Functions of ICT
Functions of ICT
Data capture: Process of compiling information e.g. Amazon uses internet cookies
to capture data about the customers’ purchases via the website. So, it use the data
to suggest items to a user related to the previous orders via the website.
Data processing: This involves converting, analyzing, computing and producing
all forms of data information. After capturing data, the system must reorganize that
data based on what the organization wants to use the information for.
Generation of information: Involves organizing information into a useful form.
Storage of information involves retaining information for future use e.g. Facebook
stores user registration details.
Retrieval of information: Process by which a computer device is used to find and
copy data for future distribution and processing. A good example is Google or
Yahoo who have data centers which store information which can be used at a later
stage by the end user to search for information online.
Basic concepts of ICT
Information technology encompasses all the technology (hardware, software and computer
networks) that we use to collect, process, protect and store information. Information
computer technology involves transfer and use of all kinds of information. ICT is the
129
, foundation of economy and a driving force of social change in the 21st century. Distance is
no longer an issue when it comes to accessing information, e.g. working from home,
distance learning, and e-banking are now possible from any place with an internet
connection and a computing device.
Hardware: The physical and tangible parts of a computer, that is, electrical, electronic and
mechanical parts e.g. monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.
Software: These are the intangible parts of computer.
Software types
i. Operating system: This is the program which manages computer hardware e.g.
Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, etc.
ii. Application software (utility programs): These are all programs that users use to
perform different tasks or for problem solving. For example Microsoft word,
Microsoft excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.
iii. Computer networks: A computer network is comprised of at least two computers,
connected by wire or wirelessly that can exchange data.
Types of networks:
LAN (local Area Network): Covers a relatively small geographical area e.g. a
university campus or office building. Examples include Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
om
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): Links two or more devices using wireless
.c
et
communication within a limited area such as a campus or office building. Some
tv
sy
WLANs exist to extend an existing wired network.
ea
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a relatively large geographical area e.g. cities
or states. Connects a greater number of computers and local networks.
1.2 History and Classification of Computers
The computer as you know it today had its beginning with a 19th century. English
mathematician called Charles Baggage (1791 – 1871) designed the analytical engine and it
is this design that the basic framework of computers today is based on.
Computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain
period of time and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement
of the existing computer
i. First generation (1937-1946): The first computer Atanasoh Berry computer (ABC)
was built by Dr. JOHN B. Atanasoh and Clifford Berry. In 1943 an electronic
computer named the colossus was built for the military. Other developments
continued until 1946 when Electronic Numerical Integration and Computer
(ENIAC) was built. There were no operating systems.
ii. Second generation (1947-1962): The computers in this generation used transistors
instead of vacuum tubes, which were more reliable. The Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC1) was introduced for commercial use. In 1953, the
130
4.1 Introduction
Demonstrate digital literacy unit of competency is among the seven basic competencies
units offered in all the TVET level 6 qualification. This unit covers the knowledge, skills,
and behaviours required to effectively use computer and other PCs, digital devices such as
smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop. It entails identifying and using digital devices
for purposes of communication, work performance and management at the work place.
Digital literacy is siginificant to TVET level 6 curriculum due to the critical role that
technology plays in societal and industrial growth. Digital literacy has also gained
recognition as a valuable tool for lifelong learning and collaboration in this global village.
The critical aspects of competency to be covered include control of security threats,
computer crimes, applying word processing and spreadsheet in accordance with workplace
procedures, integrating emerging issues in computer ICT applications and applying laws
governing protection of ICT. The basic resources required include digital devices such as
desktop computers, laptop computers, smart phone, printers, internet access, computer
software among others. The unit of competency covers six learning outcomes. Each
learning outcome presents learning activities that cover performance criteria statements,
om
thus creating opportunity for the trainees to demonstrate knowledge and skills in the
.c
et
occupational standards and content in the curriculum. Information sheets provide;
tv
sy
definition of key terms, content and illustration to guide in training. The competency may
ea
be assessed through written tests, demonstration, practical assignment, interview/oral
questioning and case study. Self assesssement is provided at the end of each learning
outcome. Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and
job role is recommended.
4.2 Performance Standard
Apply security measures to data, hardware and software in solving tasks in automated
environment in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications, work procedures,
prevailing technology and laws governing protection of ICT.
4.3 Learning Outcomes
4.3.1 List of learning outcomes
a) Identify computer software and hardware.
b) Apply security measures to data, hardware and software in automated environment.
c) Apply computer software in solving tasks.
d) Apply internet and email in communication at workplace.
e) Apply desktop publishing in official assignments.
f) Prepare presentation packages.
127
,4.3.2 Learning Outcome No 1: Identify appropriate computer software and hardware
4.3.2.1 Learning Activities
Learning Outcome No 1: Identify appropriate computer software and hardware
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1.1 Determine concepts of ICT in accordance with computer Computer software
equipment. and hardware to be
1.2 Determine classifications of computers in accordance with provided.
manufacturer’s specification.
1.3 Identify appropriate computer software (a collection of Activities may be
instructions or computer tools that enable the user to interact with carried out in groups
a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks) according to or individually.
manufacturer’s specification.
1.4 Identify appropriate computer hardware (collection of physical
parts of a computer system such as monitor, keyboard, and
mouse) according to manufacturer’s specification.
1.5 Determine functions and commands of operating system
accordance with manufacturer’s specification.
om
.c
4.3.2.2 Information Sheet No4/LO1: Identify appropriate computer software and
et
tv
hardware
sy
ea
Introduction
Digital literacy is an important topic in the modern world. Literacy is the urge to read and
learn. So digital literacy is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills to effectively use
computers and other technology devices. Some of the computer hardware are,
desktop/monitor, printers, scanners, mouse, Keyboard, and storage devices (hard disk). The
computer software includes Windows, Linux, UNIX. These are the operating system
software.
Under the computer software’s we also have application software’s which include: word
processors (e.g. Microsoft word), spreadsheets (e.g. Microsoft Excel), graphic
presentations (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint), and the database management systems (e.g.
Microsoft access).
Definition of Key Terms
Information computer technology: This is an extensional term to IT that stresses on
systems that enable users to access, store, transmit and manipulate information. ICT is a
broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically or in a digital form (e.g. emails).
Computer software: Computer software is a collection of instructions that enable the user
to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. It is used or needed for input,
128
,processing, output, storage and management of activities. Softwares which are used for
inputting data in the system include; word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation
software. Software used for storage include cloud storage where the output is stored or
hosted using resources in data centers and delivered to end users over the internet. Software
for management of activities include database management systems which allow users to
process data into useful information.
Computer hardware: This is any tangible device in the computer environment. Some of
the hardware that maybe encountered in this topic are:
Monitor: This is the main output device of a computer. It is commonly known as
Visual Display Unit (VDU).
Printer: is used to print information of paper.
Storage devices: these include flash disks, hard disks and optical disks (e.g. CDs).
Input devices: such as the mouse and keyboard.
Internet: This is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. The internet carries a vast range of
information, resources and services. Picture information is shared via the internet.
Digital literacy: While literacy is defined as the ability to read and write, digital literacy is
om
the ability to access, process, understand and create information in the digital environment.
.c
et
tv
sy
Content/Procedures/Methods/Illustrations
ea
1.1 Concepts and Functions of ICT
Functions of ICT
Data capture: Process of compiling information e.g. Amazon uses internet cookies
to capture data about the customers’ purchases via the website. So, it use the data
to suggest items to a user related to the previous orders via the website.
Data processing: This involves converting, analyzing, computing and producing
all forms of data information. After capturing data, the system must reorganize that
data based on what the organization wants to use the information for.
Generation of information: Involves organizing information into a useful form.
Storage of information involves retaining information for future use e.g. Facebook
stores user registration details.
Retrieval of information: Process by which a computer device is used to find and
copy data for future distribution and processing. A good example is Google or
Yahoo who have data centers which store information which can be used at a later
stage by the end user to search for information online.
Basic concepts of ICT
Information technology encompasses all the technology (hardware, software and computer
networks) that we use to collect, process, protect and store information. Information
computer technology involves transfer and use of all kinds of information. ICT is the
129
, foundation of economy and a driving force of social change in the 21st century. Distance is
no longer an issue when it comes to accessing information, e.g. working from home,
distance learning, and e-banking are now possible from any place with an internet
connection and a computing device.
Hardware: The physical and tangible parts of a computer, that is, electrical, electronic and
mechanical parts e.g. monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.
Software: These are the intangible parts of computer.
Software types
i. Operating system: This is the program which manages computer hardware e.g.
Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, etc.
ii. Application software (utility programs): These are all programs that users use to
perform different tasks or for problem solving. For example Microsoft word,
Microsoft excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.
iii. Computer networks: A computer network is comprised of at least two computers,
connected by wire or wirelessly that can exchange data.
Types of networks:
LAN (local Area Network): Covers a relatively small geographical area e.g. a
university campus or office building. Examples include Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
om
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): Links two or more devices using wireless
.c
et
communication within a limited area such as a campus or office building. Some
tv
sy
WLANs exist to extend an existing wired network.
ea
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a relatively large geographical area e.g. cities
or states. Connects a greater number of computers and local networks.
1.2 History and Classification of Computers
The computer as you know it today had its beginning with a 19th century. English
mathematician called Charles Baggage (1791 – 1871) designed the analytical engine and it
is this design that the basic framework of computers today is based on.
Computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain
period of time and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement
of the existing computer
i. First generation (1937-1946): The first computer Atanasoh Berry computer (ABC)
was built by Dr. JOHN B. Atanasoh and Clifford Berry. In 1943 an electronic
computer named the colossus was built for the military. Other developments
continued until 1946 when Electronic Numerical Integration and Computer
(ENIAC) was built. There were no operating systems.
ii. Second generation (1947-1962): The computers in this generation used transistors
instead of vacuum tubes, which were more reliable. The Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC1) was introduced for commercial use. In 1953, the
130
