Test Bank For Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Jacquel
z z z z z z zz
yn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
z z z z z z
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Banas
z z z z z
ik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. C.Q.zwaszrecentlyzexposedztozgroupzAzhemolyticzStreptococcuszandzsubsequentlyzdevelopedzazp
haryngealzinfection.zHiszcliniczexaminationzrevealszanzoralztemperaturezofz102.3°F,zskinzrash,zdy
sphagia,zandzreddenedzthroatzmucosazwithzmultiplezpustules.zHezcomplainszofzsorezthroat,zmalai
se,zandzjointzstiffness.zAzthroatzcultureziszpositivezforzStreptococcus,zandzantibioticszhavezbeenzpr
escribed.zThezetiologyzofzC.Q.’szdiseasezis
a. azsorezthroat.
b. streptococcalzinfection.
c. geneticzsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:z B
Etiologyzrefersztozthezproposedzcausezorzcauseszofzazparticularzdiseasezprocess.zAzsorezthroatziszth
ezmanifestationzofzthezdiseasezprocess.zGeneticzsusceptibilityzrefersztozinheritedztendencyztozdev
elopzazdisease.zPharyngitiszrefersztozinflammationzofzthezthroatzandziszalsozazclinicalzmanifestatio
nzofzthezdiseasezprocess.
2. Az17-year-oldzcollege-
boundzstudentzreceiveszazvaccinezagainstzanzorganismzthatzcauseszmeningitis.zThisziszanzex
amplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z A
Primaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsu
sceptiblezindividuals,zinzthiszcasezbyzprovidingzvaccination.zSecondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzde
tection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease.zTertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativeza
ndzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabilityzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioning.zDiseasez
treatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
3. Anzobesezbutzotherwisezhealthyzteenziszgivenzazprescriptionzforzazlow-
caloriezdietzandzexercisezprogram.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z B
Secondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdiseasezsuchzaszpr
escribingzdietzandzexercisezforzanzindividualzwhozhaszalreadyzdevelopedzobesity.zPrimaryzpreven
tionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindiv
iduals.zTertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatez
disabilityzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioning.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdise
asezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
,4. Azpatientzwithzhighzbloodzpressurezwhoziszotherwisezhealthyziszcounseledztozrestrictzsodiumzin
take.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z B
Secondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease,zsuchzasz
byzprescribingzsodiumzrestrictionzforzhighzbloodzpressure.zPrimaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdi
seasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindividuals.zTertiaryzpreve
ntionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabilityzandzrestorez
effectivezfunctioning.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdevelo
ped.
5. Afterzsufferingzazheartzattack,zazmiddle-agedzmanziszcounseledztoztakezazcholesterol-
loweringzmedication.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z C
Tertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabili
tyzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioningzsuchzaszprescribingzazcholesterol-
loweringzmedicationzfollowingzazheartzattack.zPrimaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalt
eringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindividuals.zSecondaryzpreventionziszth
ezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanag
ementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
6. Azpatientzhaszbeenzexposedztozmeningococcalzmeningitis,zbutzisznotzyetzdemonstratingzsignszofzth
iszdisease.zThiszstagezofzillnessziszcalledzthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:z B
Incubationzrefersztozthezintervalzbetweenzexposurezofzaztissueztozanzinjuriouszagentzandzthezfirstzap
pearancezofzsignszandzsymptoms.zInzinfectiouszdiseases,zthiszperiodziszoftenzcalledzthezincubation
z(latent)zperiod.zProdromalzrefersztozthezappearancezofzthezfirstzsignszandzsymptomszindicatingzth
ezonsetzofzazdisease.zThesezarezoftenznonspecific,zsuchzaszheadache,zmalaise,zanorexia,zandznause
a,zwhichzarezassociatedzwithzaznumberzofzdifferentzdiseases.zSequelazrefersztozsubsequentzpatholo
giczconditionzresultingzfromzazdisease.zConvalescenceziszthezstagezofzrecoveryzafterzazdisease,zinj
ury,zorzsurgicalzoperation.
7. Azdiseasezthatzisznativeztozazparticularzregionziszcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:z B
Azdiseasezthatzisznativeztozazparticularzregionziszcalledzendemic.zAnzepidemicziszazdiseasezthatzspread
sztozmanyzindividualszatzthezsameztime.zPandemicszarezepidemicszthatzaffectzlargezgeographiczregio
ns,zperhapszspreadingzworldwide.zEthnographiczdoesznotzdescribezazdiseasezdistributionzpattern.
8. Inzgeneral,zwithzaging,zorganzsizezandzfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainzthezsame.
d. arezunknown.
ANS:z B
Inzgeneral,zwithzaging,zorganzsizezandzfunctionzdecrease.
9. Thezstagezduringzwhichzthezpatientzfunctionsznormally,zalthoughzthezdiseasezprocesseszarezwellzes
tablished,ziszreferredztozas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:z B
Thezstagezduringzwhichzthezpatientzfunctionsznormally,zalthoughzthezdiseasezprocesseszarezwellze
stablished,ziszcalledzthezsubclinicalzstage.zThezintervalzbetweenzexposurezofzaztissueztozanzinjurio
uszagentzandzthezfirstzappearancezofzsignszandzsymptomszmayzbezcalledzazlatentzperiodzor,zinzthezc
asezofzinfectiouszdiseases,zanzincubationzperiod.zThezprodromalzperiod,zorzprodrome,zrefersztozth
ezappearancezofzthezfirstzsignszandzsymptomszindicatingzthezonsetzofzazdisease.zConvalescencezisz
thezstagezofzrecoveryzafterzazdisease,zinjury,zorzsurgicalzoperation.
MULTIPLEzRESPONSE
1. Yourzpatient’szredzbloodzcellzcountziszslightlyzelevatedztoday.zThiszmightzbezexplainedzbyz(S
electzallzthatzapply.)
a. genderzdifference.
b. situationalzfactors.
c. normalzvariation.
d. culturalzvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:z A,zB,zC,zE
Gender,zsituationsz(e.g.,zaltitude),znormalzvariations,zandzillnesszmayzallzdeterminezredzbloodzcellz
count.zCulturezaffectszhowzmanifestationszarezperceivedz(normalzversuszabnormal).
2. Socioeconomiczfactorszinfluencezdiseasezdevelopmentzbecausezofz(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentalztoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:z B,zC,zD,zE
Socioeconomiczfactorszinfluencezdiseasezdevelopmentzviazexposureztozenvironmentalztoxinsz(occu
pational)zandzovercrowding,znutritionz(over-
zorzundernutrition),zandzhygienez(e.g.,zinzdevelopingzcountries).zGeneticszisznotzinfluencedzbyzsocio
economiczfactors.
3. Whenzdeterminingzadditionalzdataztozgatherzbeforezmakingzazdiagnosis,zwhatzfactorszneedztozb
ezconsidered?z(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:z A,zC
Twozconsiderationszonezmustzusezwhenzchoosingzadditionalzdataztozgatherzincludezthezreliability
zandzvalidityzofztheztestszbeingzweighed.zReliability, zorzprecision,ziszthezabilityzofzaztestztozgivezth
ezsamezresultzinzrepeatedzmeasurements.zValidity,zorzaccuracy,ziszthezdegreeztozwhichzazmeasure
mentzreflectsztheztruezvaluezofzthezobjectzitziszintendedztozmeasure.zExpense,zgeneralizability,zand
zrepetitionzareznotzcharacteristicszthatzareztypicallyz considered.
4. Whichzofzthezfollowingzstatementszarezaccuratezwhenzconsideringzdiagnosticztestingzforzanzi
ndividualzwithzazpossiblezmedicalzcondition?z(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. Thezmorezoftenzazpatientzhaszaztest,zthezmorezaccuratezthezaveragezresultzis.
b. Sensitivityziszthezchanceztheztestzwillzbezpositivezifzthezhypothesizedzdiseaseziszpr
esent.
c. Testingziszgenerallyznotzaccuratezduringzthezprodromalzstageztozmakezazdiagnosis.
d. Specificityzshowszthatzaztestzwillzbeznegativezifzthezpersonzdoesznotzhavezthezdi
sease.
e. Reliabilityzdemonstrateszaztestziszaccuratezunderzaznumberzofzdifferentzconditions.
ANS:z B,zD
Sensitivityziszthezprobabilityzthatztheztestzwillzbezpositivezwhenzappliedztozazpersonzwithzthezcond
ition.zSpecificityziszthezprobabilityzthatzaztestzwillzbeznegativezwhenzappliedztozazpersonzwhozdoes
znotzhavezazgivenzcondition.zTestzresultszarezusuallyznotzaggregatedzandzaveraged.zAzdiseasezproc
essziszwellzestablishedzduringzthezprodromalzphasezofzillness,zsozsomezdiagnosticztestingzwouldzi
ndicatezitszpresence.zReliability,zorzprecision,ziszthezabilityzofzaztestztozgivezthezsamezresultzinzrepe
atedzmeasurements.
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors Ban
z z z z z z z z z
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. Indicatorszthatzanzindividualziszexperiencingzhighzstresszincludezallzthezfollowingzexcept
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increasedzperipheralzresistance.
d. pupilzconstriction.
ANS:z D
z z z z z z zz
yn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
z z z z z z
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Banas
z z z z z
ik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. C.Q.zwaszrecentlyzexposedztozgroupzAzhemolyticzStreptococcuszandzsubsequentlyzdevelopedzazp
haryngealzinfection.zHiszcliniczexaminationzrevealszanzoralztemperaturezofz102.3°F,zskinzrash,zdy
sphagia,zandzreddenedzthroatzmucosazwithzmultiplezpustules.zHezcomplainszofzsorezthroat,zmalai
se,zandzjointzstiffness.zAzthroatzcultureziszpositivezforzStreptococcus,zandzantibioticszhavezbeenzpr
escribed.zThezetiologyzofzC.Q.’szdiseasezis
a. azsorezthroat.
b. streptococcalzinfection.
c. geneticzsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:z B
Etiologyzrefersztozthezproposedzcausezorzcauseszofzazparticularzdiseasezprocess.zAzsorezthroatziszth
ezmanifestationzofzthezdiseasezprocess.zGeneticzsusceptibilityzrefersztozinheritedztendencyztozdev
elopzazdisease.zPharyngitiszrefersztozinflammationzofzthezthroatzandziszalsozazclinicalzmanifestatio
nzofzthezdiseasezprocess.
2. Az17-year-oldzcollege-
boundzstudentzreceiveszazvaccinezagainstzanzorganismzthatzcauseszmeningitis.zThisziszanzex
amplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z A
Primaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsu
sceptiblezindividuals,zinzthiszcasezbyzprovidingzvaccination.zSecondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzde
tection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease.zTertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativeza
ndzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabilityzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioning.zDiseasez
treatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
3. Anzobesezbutzotherwisezhealthyzteenziszgivenzazprescriptionzforzazlow-
caloriezdietzandzexercisezprogram.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z B
Secondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdiseasezsuchzaszpr
escribingzdietzandzexercisezforzanzindividualzwhozhaszalreadyzdevelopedzobesity.zPrimaryzpreven
tionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindiv
iduals.zTertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatez
disabilityzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioning.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdise
asezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
,4. Azpatientzwithzhighzbloodzpressurezwhoziszotherwisezhealthyziszcounseledztozrestrictzsodiumzin
take.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z B
Secondaryzpreventionziszthezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease,zsuchzasz
byzprescribingzsodiumzrestrictionzforzhighzbloodzpressure.zPrimaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdi
seasezbyzalteringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindividuals.zTertiaryzpreve
ntionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabilityzandzrestorez
effectivezfunctioning.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanagementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdevelo
ped.
5. Afterzsufferingzazheartzattack,zazmiddle-agedzmanziszcounseledztoztakezazcholesterol-
loweringzmedication.zThisziszanzexamplezof
a. primaryzprevention.
b. secondaryzprevention.
c. tertiaryzprevention.
d. diseaseztreatment.
ANS:z C
Tertiaryzpreventionzincludeszrehabilitativezandzsupportivezcarezandzattemptsztozalleviatezdisabili
tyzandzrestorezeffectivezfunctioningzsuchzaszprescribingzazcholesterol-
loweringzmedicationzfollowingzazheartzattack.zPrimaryzpreventionziszpreventionzofzdiseasezbyzalt
eringzsusceptibilityzorzreducingzexposurezforzsusceptiblezindividuals.zSecondaryzpreventionziszth
ezearlyzdetection,zscreening,zandzmanagementzofzthezdisease.zDiseaseztreatmentzinvolveszmanag
ementzofzthezdiseasezoncezitzhaszdeveloped.
6. Azpatientzhaszbeenzexposedztozmeningococcalzmeningitis,zbutzisznotzyetzdemonstratingzsignszofzth
iszdisease.zThiszstagezofzillnessziszcalledzthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:z B
Incubationzrefersztozthezintervalzbetweenzexposurezofzaztissueztozanzinjuriouszagentzandzthezfirstzap
pearancezofzsignszandzsymptoms.zInzinfectiouszdiseases,zthiszperiodziszoftenzcalledzthezincubation
z(latent)zperiod.zProdromalzrefersztozthezappearancezofzthezfirstzsignszandzsymptomszindicatingzth
ezonsetzofzazdisease.zThesezarezoftenznonspecific,zsuchzaszheadache,zmalaise,zanorexia,zandznause
a,zwhichzarezassociatedzwithzaznumberzofzdifferentzdiseases.zSequelazrefersztozsubsequentzpatholo
giczconditionzresultingzfromzazdisease.zConvalescenceziszthezstagezofzrecoveryzafterzazdisease,zinj
ury,zorzsurgicalzoperation.
7. Azdiseasezthatzisznativeztozazparticularzregionziszcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:z B
Azdiseasezthatzisznativeztozazparticularzregionziszcalledzendemic.zAnzepidemicziszazdiseasezthatzspread
sztozmanyzindividualszatzthezsameztime.zPandemicszarezepidemicszthatzaffectzlargezgeographiczregio
ns,zperhapszspreadingzworldwide.zEthnographiczdoesznotzdescribezazdiseasezdistributionzpattern.
8. Inzgeneral,zwithzaging,zorganzsizezandzfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainzthezsame.
d. arezunknown.
ANS:z B
Inzgeneral,zwithzaging,zorganzsizezandzfunctionzdecrease.
9. Thezstagezduringzwhichzthezpatientzfunctionsznormally,zalthoughzthezdiseasezprocesseszarezwellzes
tablished,ziszreferredztozas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:z B
Thezstagezduringzwhichzthezpatientzfunctionsznormally,zalthoughzthezdiseasezprocesseszarezwellze
stablished,ziszcalledzthezsubclinicalzstage.zThezintervalzbetweenzexposurezofzaztissueztozanzinjurio
uszagentzandzthezfirstzappearancezofzsignszandzsymptomszmayzbezcalledzazlatentzperiodzor,zinzthezc
asezofzinfectiouszdiseases,zanzincubationzperiod.zThezprodromalzperiod,zorzprodrome,zrefersztozth
ezappearancezofzthezfirstzsignszandzsymptomszindicatingzthezonsetzofzazdisease.zConvalescencezisz
thezstagezofzrecoveryzafterzazdisease,zinjury,zorzsurgicalzoperation.
MULTIPLEzRESPONSE
1. Yourzpatient’szredzbloodzcellzcountziszslightlyzelevatedztoday.zThiszmightzbezexplainedzbyz(S
electzallzthatzapply.)
a. genderzdifference.
b. situationalzfactors.
c. normalzvariation.
d. culturalzvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:z A,zB,zC,zE
Gender,zsituationsz(e.g.,zaltitude),znormalzvariations,zandzillnesszmayzallzdeterminezredzbloodzcellz
count.zCulturezaffectszhowzmanifestationszarezperceivedz(normalzversuszabnormal).
2. Socioeconomiczfactorszinfluencezdiseasezdevelopmentzbecausezofz(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentalztoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:z B,zC,zD,zE
Socioeconomiczfactorszinfluencezdiseasezdevelopmentzviazexposureztozenvironmentalztoxinsz(occu
pational)zandzovercrowding,znutritionz(over-
zorzundernutrition),zandzhygienez(e.g.,zinzdevelopingzcountries).zGeneticszisznotzinfluencedzbyzsocio
economiczfactors.
3. Whenzdeterminingzadditionalzdataztozgatherzbeforezmakingzazdiagnosis,zwhatzfactorszneedztozb
ezconsidered?z(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:z A,zC
Twozconsiderationszonezmustzusezwhenzchoosingzadditionalzdataztozgatherzincludezthezreliability
zandzvalidityzofztheztestszbeingzweighed.zReliability, zorzprecision,ziszthezabilityzofzaztestztozgivezth
ezsamezresultzinzrepeatedzmeasurements.zValidity,zorzaccuracy,ziszthezdegreeztozwhichzazmeasure
mentzreflectsztheztruezvaluezofzthezobjectzitziszintendedztozmeasure.zExpense,zgeneralizability,zand
zrepetitionzareznotzcharacteristicszthatzareztypicallyz considered.
4. Whichzofzthezfollowingzstatementszarezaccuratezwhenzconsideringzdiagnosticztestingzforzanzi
ndividualzwithzazpossiblezmedicalzcondition?z(Selectzallzthatzapply.)
a. Thezmorezoftenzazpatientzhaszaztest,zthezmorezaccuratezthezaveragezresultzis.
b. Sensitivityziszthezchanceztheztestzwillzbezpositivezifzthezhypothesizedzdiseaseziszpr
esent.
c. Testingziszgenerallyznotzaccuratezduringzthezprodromalzstageztozmakezazdiagnosis.
d. Specificityzshowszthatzaztestzwillzbeznegativezifzthezpersonzdoesznotzhavezthezdi
sease.
e. Reliabilityzdemonstrateszaztestziszaccuratezunderzaznumberzofzdifferentzconditions.
ANS:z B,zD
Sensitivityziszthezprobabilityzthatztheztestzwillzbezpositivezwhenzappliedztozazpersonzwithzthezcond
ition.zSpecificityziszthezprobabilityzthatzaztestzwillzbeznegativezwhenzappliedztozazpersonzwhozdoes
znotzhavezazgivenzcondition.zTestzresultszarezusuallyznotzaggregatedzandzaveraged.zAzdiseasezproc
essziszwellzestablishedzduringzthezprodromalzphasezofzillness,zsozsomezdiagnosticztestingzwouldzi
ndicatezitszpresence.zReliability,zorzprecision,ziszthezabilityzofzaztestztozgivezthezsamezresultzinzrepe
atedzmeasurements.
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors Ban
z z z z z z z z z
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. Indicatorszthatzanzindividualziszexperiencingzhighzstresszincludezallzthezfollowingzexcept
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increasedzperipheralzresistance.
d. pupilzconstriction.
ANS:z D
