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Test Bank for Foundations of Mental Health Care
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8th Edition
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TEST BANK ZX
, Michelle Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition
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Chapter 01: The History of Mental Care
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ZX
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrati
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onal soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A ZX
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outs
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ide the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human b
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eings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared f
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or the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
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REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Early Years of Mental Health ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid- ZX ZX
1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by prof
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essionals. This practice led to ZX ZX ZX ZX
for different abnormal ZX ZX ZX
behaviors.
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A ZX
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accu
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rate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education reg
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arding mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of me
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dicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
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a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C ZX
, Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Di
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x crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind T
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hat Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental H
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ealth in 1978. ZX ZX
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 5 OBJ: 4 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841, ZX
surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United St ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
ates, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for
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the care of the mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud ZX
b. John Cade ZX
c. Florence Nightingale ZX
d. Dorothea Dix ZX
ANS: D ZX
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credi
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ted with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept o
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f psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder
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, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 4 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of CliffordN
Be eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA Mind That Found Itself, the Committeef
or Mental Hygiene was formedUin 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
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a. Early detection of symptoms of mental illness ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
b. Education of caregivers ZX ZX
c. Current treatment options ZX ZX
d. Removing the stigma attached to mental illness ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
ANS: D ZX
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he rec
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eived for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness
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of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a m
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ental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment optio
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ns regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Co
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mmittee for Mental Hygiene. ZX ZX ZX
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 4 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma t
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hat could last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy ZX
b. Insulin therapy ZX
c. Humoral therapy ZX
, d. Amphetamine therapy ZX
ANS: B ZX
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetam
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ines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depressio
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n. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illne
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ss resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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PTS: 1 ZDIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often u
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sed to treat?
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a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder ZX
c. Severe depression ZX
d. Violent behavior ZX
ANS: C ZX
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this perio
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d, schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy
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. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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PTS: 1 ZDIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 5 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
NssesRsmeInt GMSBC:.CClienMt Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Nursing Process Step: A Z X ZX ZX ZX Z X Z X ZX ZX
US N T ZX ZX ZX O
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent b
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ehaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate?
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a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
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b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
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c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
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d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
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ANS: C ZX
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed fro
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m the thalamus.
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PTS: 1 ZDIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 5 ZX ZX ZX Z X
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
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a. SSRIs
ANS: D ZX