Maryville 612 Exam 1complete and
verified correct answers 2022/2023
rating A+
Claudication - correct answersa condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced
by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries. May be characterized as a
dull ache with accompanying muscle fatigue and cramps. Usually appears with
sustained exercise. Site of pain is distant to narrowing.
How do you test EOM? - correct answersEye movement is controlled by 6 extraocular
muscles and 3 cranial nerves, III, IV, and VI. To evaluate eye movement, use 4
techniques.
● First have the patient watch your finger move through the 6 cardinal fields of gaze.
Jerking or sustained nystagmus is abnormal. A few beats of horizontal nystagmus may
occur.
● Second have the patient follow your finger vertically from the ceiling to the floor.The
globes and the upper eyelids should move smoothly without eyelid lag or exposure of
the sclera.
● Third, test extraocular muscle balance using the corneal light reflex. WIth the patient
looking at a nearby object, shine a light on the nasal bridge. The eyes should converge
and reflect the light symmetrically.
● Fourth, if the corneal light reflex is imbalanced, perform the cover-uncover test. As the
patient stares at a fixed point nearby, cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye.
Then remove the cover and observe that eye as it focuses on the object. Note any eye
movement.
Your patient should be able to follow your finger with full, smooth extraocular
movements and without nystagmus, or "shaky" eye motion. Normal extraocular
movements indicate intact cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
*******What is the difference between objective and subjective data? What components
of the health history are objective and subjective? *********** - correct answersSeidel pg
618: objective: "direct observation, what you see, hear, and touch". This includes vital
signs and actual assessment. Subjective: "information patients offer about their
condition or feelings." This includes chief complaint, past medical history, history or
present illness, family history, and review of symptoms.
Erb's point - correct answersErb's point is the auscultation location for heart sounds and
heart murmurs located at the third intercostal space and the left lower sternal border.
Erb's point, found two interspaces below the pulmonic area, does not reflect sound from
one particular heart valve, but is a common listening post, lying halfway between the
base and the apex of the heart.
,Tonsil assessment - correct answers• Enlargement; Acute infection, 2+, 3+, or 4+
o 1+ - visible
o 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars
o 3+ touching uvula
o 4+ touching each other
Order physical assessment is done - correct answersInspection, Palpation, Percussion,
Auscultation
Proper use of Otoscope on adult or child - correct answersAdult- straighten the external
auditory canal by pulling auricle up and back
Child- face child sideways with one arm around parents waist. Pull auricle either
downward and back or upward and back to gain best view of tympanic membrane.
How do you assess for sensoineural hearing loss - correct answersair conduction heard
longer than bone conduction with Rinne Test; lateralization to unaffected ear; loss of
high-frequency sounds
How do you assess for conductive hearing loss - correct answersbone conduction heard
longer than air conduction with Rinne Test; lateralization to affected ear with Weber
Test; loss of low frequency sounds; loss of 11-30 decibels on audiometry with cerumen
impaction.
Rinne Test***** - correct answershelps distinguish whether patient hears better by air or
bone conduction. Place the tuning fork at base of vibrating tuning fork against the
patient's mastoid bone and ask patient to tell you when the sound is no longer heard.
Time this interval of bone conduction noting number of seconds. Continue timing the
interval of sound due to by air conduction heard by the patient. Compare # of seconds
air vs. bone. Air conducted should be heard twice as long as bone conducted sounds.
(If bone conducted heard for 15 seconds, air conducted should be heard for additional
15 seconds).
Weber Test - correct answershelps assess unilateral hearing loss. Place base of fork on
mid-line of patient's head. Ask patient if sound heard equally in both ears or in one ear
(lateralization of sound). Should hear sound equally.
Presbyopia - correct answersProgressive weakening of accommodation (focusing
power). The major physiologic change that occurs after the age of 45 years; the lens
becomes more rigid, and the ciliary muscle becomes weaker.
Strabismus - correct answersa condition in which both eyes do not focus on the object
simultaneously, although either eye can focus independently; may be paralytic or non-
paralytic.
, Photopsia - correct answerspresence of perceived flashes of light. (Most commonly
associated with posterior vitreous detachment, migraine with aura, retinal break, or
detachment).
Amblyopia - correct answersalso called lazy eye; is disorder of sight d/t eye and brain
not working well together. Results in decreased vision in an eye that otherwise typically
appears normal. Most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye among
children and younger adults.
Macular Degeneration - correct answersis caused when part of the retina deteriorates;
dry (atrophic) from gradual breakdown of cells in macula resulting in gradual blurring of
central vision and wet (exudative or neovascular)- new abnormal vessels grow under
the center of the retina; the blood vessels leak, bleed, and scar the retina, distorting or
destroying central vision. In contrast to dry, vision loss may be rapid. Is leading cause of
blindness in older than 55 years of age in U.S.
Xanthelasma - correct answerscondition characterized by elevated plaque of
cholesterol; commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid.
Snellen Test***** - correct answersThe optic nerve is assessed by testing for visual
acuity and peripheral vision.
Visual acuity is tested using a snellen chart, for those who are illiterate and unfamiliar
with the western alphabet, the illiterate E chart, in which the letter E faces in different
directions, maybe used. The chart has a standardized number at the end of each line of
letters; these numbers indicates the degree of visual acuity when measured at a
distance of 20 feet.
The numerator 20 is the distance in feet between the chart and the client, or the
standard testing distance. The denominator 20 is the distance from which the normal
eye can read the lettering, which correspond to the number at the end of each letter
line; therefore the larger the denominator the poorer the version.
Measurement of 20/20 vision is an indication of either refractive error or some other
optic disorder.
In testing for visual acuity you may refer to the following:
1. The room used for this test should be well lighted.
2. A person who wears corrective lenses should be tested with and without them to
check fro the adequacy of correction.
3. Only one eye should be tested at a time; the other eye should be covered by an
opaque card or eye cover, not with client's finger.
4. Make the client read the chart by pointing at a letter randomly at each line; maybe
started from largest to smallest or vice versa.
verified correct answers 2022/2023
rating A+
Claudication - correct answersa condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced
by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries. May be characterized as a
dull ache with accompanying muscle fatigue and cramps. Usually appears with
sustained exercise. Site of pain is distant to narrowing.
How do you test EOM? - correct answersEye movement is controlled by 6 extraocular
muscles and 3 cranial nerves, III, IV, and VI. To evaluate eye movement, use 4
techniques.
● First have the patient watch your finger move through the 6 cardinal fields of gaze.
Jerking or sustained nystagmus is abnormal. A few beats of horizontal nystagmus may
occur.
● Second have the patient follow your finger vertically from the ceiling to the floor.The
globes and the upper eyelids should move smoothly without eyelid lag or exposure of
the sclera.
● Third, test extraocular muscle balance using the corneal light reflex. WIth the patient
looking at a nearby object, shine a light on the nasal bridge. The eyes should converge
and reflect the light symmetrically.
● Fourth, if the corneal light reflex is imbalanced, perform the cover-uncover test. As the
patient stares at a fixed point nearby, cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye.
Then remove the cover and observe that eye as it focuses on the object. Note any eye
movement.
Your patient should be able to follow your finger with full, smooth extraocular
movements and without nystagmus, or "shaky" eye motion. Normal extraocular
movements indicate intact cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
*******What is the difference between objective and subjective data? What components
of the health history are objective and subjective? *********** - correct answersSeidel pg
618: objective: "direct observation, what you see, hear, and touch". This includes vital
signs and actual assessment. Subjective: "information patients offer about their
condition or feelings." This includes chief complaint, past medical history, history or
present illness, family history, and review of symptoms.
Erb's point - correct answersErb's point is the auscultation location for heart sounds and
heart murmurs located at the third intercostal space and the left lower sternal border.
Erb's point, found two interspaces below the pulmonic area, does not reflect sound from
one particular heart valve, but is a common listening post, lying halfway between the
base and the apex of the heart.
,Tonsil assessment - correct answers• Enlargement; Acute infection, 2+, 3+, or 4+
o 1+ - visible
o 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars
o 3+ touching uvula
o 4+ touching each other
Order physical assessment is done - correct answersInspection, Palpation, Percussion,
Auscultation
Proper use of Otoscope on adult or child - correct answersAdult- straighten the external
auditory canal by pulling auricle up and back
Child- face child sideways with one arm around parents waist. Pull auricle either
downward and back or upward and back to gain best view of tympanic membrane.
How do you assess for sensoineural hearing loss - correct answersair conduction heard
longer than bone conduction with Rinne Test; lateralization to unaffected ear; loss of
high-frequency sounds
How do you assess for conductive hearing loss - correct answersbone conduction heard
longer than air conduction with Rinne Test; lateralization to affected ear with Weber
Test; loss of low frequency sounds; loss of 11-30 decibels on audiometry with cerumen
impaction.
Rinne Test***** - correct answershelps distinguish whether patient hears better by air or
bone conduction. Place the tuning fork at base of vibrating tuning fork against the
patient's mastoid bone and ask patient to tell you when the sound is no longer heard.
Time this interval of bone conduction noting number of seconds. Continue timing the
interval of sound due to by air conduction heard by the patient. Compare # of seconds
air vs. bone. Air conducted should be heard twice as long as bone conducted sounds.
(If bone conducted heard for 15 seconds, air conducted should be heard for additional
15 seconds).
Weber Test - correct answershelps assess unilateral hearing loss. Place base of fork on
mid-line of patient's head. Ask patient if sound heard equally in both ears or in one ear
(lateralization of sound). Should hear sound equally.
Presbyopia - correct answersProgressive weakening of accommodation (focusing
power). The major physiologic change that occurs after the age of 45 years; the lens
becomes more rigid, and the ciliary muscle becomes weaker.
Strabismus - correct answersa condition in which both eyes do not focus on the object
simultaneously, although either eye can focus independently; may be paralytic or non-
paralytic.
, Photopsia - correct answerspresence of perceived flashes of light. (Most commonly
associated with posterior vitreous detachment, migraine with aura, retinal break, or
detachment).
Amblyopia - correct answersalso called lazy eye; is disorder of sight d/t eye and brain
not working well together. Results in decreased vision in an eye that otherwise typically
appears normal. Most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye among
children and younger adults.
Macular Degeneration - correct answersis caused when part of the retina deteriorates;
dry (atrophic) from gradual breakdown of cells in macula resulting in gradual blurring of
central vision and wet (exudative or neovascular)- new abnormal vessels grow under
the center of the retina; the blood vessels leak, bleed, and scar the retina, distorting or
destroying central vision. In contrast to dry, vision loss may be rapid. Is leading cause of
blindness in older than 55 years of age in U.S.
Xanthelasma - correct answerscondition characterized by elevated plaque of
cholesterol; commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid.
Snellen Test***** - correct answersThe optic nerve is assessed by testing for visual
acuity and peripheral vision.
Visual acuity is tested using a snellen chart, for those who are illiterate and unfamiliar
with the western alphabet, the illiterate E chart, in which the letter E faces in different
directions, maybe used. The chart has a standardized number at the end of each line of
letters; these numbers indicates the degree of visual acuity when measured at a
distance of 20 feet.
The numerator 20 is the distance in feet between the chart and the client, or the
standard testing distance. The denominator 20 is the distance from which the normal
eye can read the lettering, which correspond to the number at the end of each letter
line; therefore the larger the denominator the poorer the version.
Measurement of 20/20 vision is an indication of either refractive error or some other
optic disorder.
In testing for visual acuity you may refer to the following:
1. The room used for this test should be well lighted.
2. A person who wears corrective lenses should be tested with and without them to
check fro the adequacy of correction.
3. Only one eye should be tested at a time; the other eye should be covered by an
opaque card or eye cover, not with client's finger.
4. Make the client read the chart by pointing at a letter randomly at each line; maybe
started from largest to smallest or vice versa.
