NUR631/ NUR 631 Antibiotics Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Test (New
2024/2025 Update) Graded A
How do we prevent infection?
Good hand washing
Disinfectant vs Antiseptic
Disinfectant - antimicrobial agent used on inanimate objects (kills organisms)
Antiseptic - antimicrobial agent used on living tissue (it inhibits growth of microorganism but
does not kill them).
Example of disinfectant
Cavi wipes, bleach, lysol, etc
Example of antiseptic
Betadine or Chlorhexidine
________ means capable of killing bacteria
bactericidal
_______________ an agent that prevents bacteria from multiplying or growing, without
necessarily killing them
Bacteriostatic
How do we prevent resistance?
Stop overprescribing antibiotics.
How to know which antibiotic to prescribe?
,Identify the pathogen by knowing
- what is it?
- where is it?
- is it gram positive or negative?
- what is the patient's kidney function / liver status?
- is the patient immunocompromised / immunocompetent?
If the bacteria stays purple on a gram stain it is gram ____________.
Gram positive
If the bacteria turns pink or red the gram stain is gram ___________.
Gram negative
Which instruction/patient education is most important with antibiotics?
Make sure the patient takes the complete course of the medication.
____________ therapy that is a treatment given to prevent an infection that has not yet
developed.
Prophylaxis therapy
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
(PCP)?
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- Used for immunocompromised patients to prevent PCP in ppl with HIV.
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy after a liver transplant?
Cyclosporin & Prednisone
cyclosporine acting as the primary immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection, while
, prednisone is used as a corticosteroid to further suppress the immune system, particularly in
the immediate post-transplant period.
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent Mycobacterium avium complex
(MAC) in HIV patients with low CD4 cell counts?
Azythromycin
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent a staphylococcal skin infection of
the surgical site?
Cepazolin
- first-generation cephalosporin
What is empiric therapy?
Antibiotic therapy for patients before causative organism is positively identified - but patient
has proven or suspected infection.
For empiric therapy, if you suspect a patient has community acquired pneumonia, which
antibiotic could you prescribe?
Levofloxacin
- especially if the patient has no comorbidities, you want to avoid treatment failure and
Levofloxacin covers almost everything.
Gram positive bacteria lack ___________.
The outer membrane
- porin proteins
Gram positive vs gram negative cell wall.
A gram-positive cell wall is characterized by a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while a gram-
negative cell wall has a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an additional outer membrane, making
the gram-positive cell wall significantly thicker overall; this difference in structure is why gram-
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Test (New
2024/2025 Update) Graded A
How do we prevent infection?
Good hand washing
Disinfectant vs Antiseptic
Disinfectant - antimicrobial agent used on inanimate objects (kills organisms)
Antiseptic - antimicrobial agent used on living tissue (it inhibits growth of microorganism but
does not kill them).
Example of disinfectant
Cavi wipes, bleach, lysol, etc
Example of antiseptic
Betadine or Chlorhexidine
________ means capable of killing bacteria
bactericidal
_______________ an agent that prevents bacteria from multiplying or growing, without
necessarily killing them
Bacteriostatic
How do we prevent resistance?
Stop overprescribing antibiotics.
How to know which antibiotic to prescribe?
,Identify the pathogen by knowing
- what is it?
- where is it?
- is it gram positive or negative?
- what is the patient's kidney function / liver status?
- is the patient immunocompromised / immunocompetent?
If the bacteria stays purple on a gram stain it is gram ____________.
Gram positive
If the bacteria turns pink or red the gram stain is gram ___________.
Gram negative
Which instruction/patient education is most important with antibiotics?
Make sure the patient takes the complete course of the medication.
____________ therapy that is a treatment given to prevent an infection that has not yet
developed.
Prophylaxis therapy
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
(PCP)?
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- Used for immunocompromised patients to prevent PCP in ppl with HIV.
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy after a liver transplant?
Cyclosporin & Prednisone
cyclosporine acting as the primary immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection, while
, prednisone is used as a corticosteroid to further suppress the immune system, particularly in
the immediate post-transplant period.
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent Mycobacterium avium complex
(MAC) in HIV patients with low CD4 cell counts?
Azythromycin
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis therapy to prevent a staphylococcal skin infection of
the surgical site?
Cepazolin
- first-generation cephalosporin
What is empiric therapy?
Antibiotic therapy for patients before causative organism is positively identified - but patient
has proven or suspected infection.
For empiric therapy, if you suspect a patient has community acquired pneumonia, which
antibiotic could you prescribe?
Levofloxacin
- especially if the patient has no comorbidities, you want to avoid treatment failure and
Levofloxacin covers almost everything.
Gram positive bacteria lack ___________.
The outer membrane
- porin proteins
Gram positive vs gram negative cell wall.
A gram-positive cell wall is characterized by a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while a gram-
negative cell wall has a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an additional outer membrane, making
the gram-positive cell wall significantly thicker overall; this difference in structure is why gram-
