NUR631/ NUR 631 Renal-Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct-
juxtaglomerular apparatus
in the nephron, the complex of cells from the distal tubule and the afferent arteriole which
helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin in response to blood pressure changes in the
kidney; located near the glomerulus
The macula densa cells respond to ________.
changes in solute content of the filtrate
juxtaglomerular cells
The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that
secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Renin
hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction
(narrowing of blood vessels)
intercalated cells
cells in the collecting ducts of the kidneys that can absorb potassium if necessary
trigone of urinary bladder
the area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are
located
detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle that compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine into the urethra.
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
, -decreased blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which
converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into
angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release
Angiotensin II
A peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillary arterioles and increases
reabsorption of NaCl and water by the proximal tubules of the kidney, increasing blood
pressure and volume.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
azotemia
(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Prerenal failure labs
BUN/ Creatinine ratio greater than 20:1
intrarenal failure
direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
Postrenal failure
Occurs primarily in elderly men with high grade prostatic obstruction. Significant permanent
loss of renal function occurs over 10-14 days with complete obstruction and worsens with
associated UTI.
Answers| 100% Correct-
juxtaglomerular apparatus
in the nephron, the complex of cells from the distal tubule and the afferent arteriole which
helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin in response to blood pressure changes in the
kidney; located near the glomerulus
The macula densa cells respond to ________.
changes in solute content of the filtrate
juxtaglomerular cells
The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that
secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Renin
hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction
(narrowing of blood vessels)
intercalated cells
cells in the collecting ducts of the kidneys that can absorb potassium if necessary
trigone of urinary bladder
the area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are
located
detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle that compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine into the urethra.
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
, -decreased blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which
converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into
angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release
Angiotensin II
A peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillary arterioles and increases
reabsorption of NaCl and water by the proximal tubules of the kidney, increasing blood
pressure and volume.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
azotemia
(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Prerenal failure labs
BUN/ Creatinine ratio greater than 20:1
intrarenal failure
direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
Postrenal failure
Occurs primarily in elderly men with high grade prostatic obstruction. Significant permanent
loss of renal function occurs over 10-14 days with complete obstruction and worsens with
associated UTI.
