Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
Genomes - correct answer study of all genes in a person and interactions of these genes with
one another and with that person's environment.
patient centered care - correct answer Recognize the patient or designee as the source of
control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for
patient's preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and Collaboration - correct answer Function effectively within nursing and inter-
professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-
making to achieve quality patient care.
evidence-based practice - correct answer integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise
and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care
Quality Improvement - correct answer Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and
use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and
safety of health care systems.
Safety - correct answer Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system
effectiveness in individual preference
Informatics - correct answer Use information and Technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, mitigate error and support decision making.
Managed Care Organization (MCO) - correct answer Provides comprehensive preventive and
treatment services to a specific group of voluntarily enrolled people. Structures include a
variety of models.
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) - correct answer Type of managed care plan that limits in
enrollees choice to a list of preferred Hospital, physicians, and providers. Pays more out-of-
pocket expenses for using a provider not on the list.
Medicare - correct answer Part A: provides basic protection for medical, Surgical, and
psychiatric care cost based on diagnosis-related groups also provides limited skilled Nursing
Facility Care, Hospice, and Home Care.
Part B: a voluntary medical insurance; covers physician, certain other specific Health
Professional Services, answer no patient services.
Part C: a Managed care provision that provides a choice of three insurance plans.
Part D: voluntary prescription drug Improvement.
private insurance - correct answer Traditional fee-for-service. Payment is computed after
patient receive services on basis of number of services used.
,Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
long-term care insurance - correct answer Supplemental insurance for coverage of LTC services.
Policies provide a set amount of dollars for an unlimited time or for as little as two years.
autonomy - correct answer freedom from external control. Respect for patient on Tom Mabe
refers to the commitment to include patients and decisions about all aspects of care.
Beneficence - correct answer Refers to taking positive actions to help others.
Nonmaleficence - correct answer avoidance of harm or hurt. A healthcare professional tries to
balance the risks and benefits of care while trying at the same time to do the least harm
possible. For example, harvesting bone marrow.
Justice - correct answer fairness. Most often used in discussions about access to healthcare
resources including the just distribution of scarce resources.
fidelity - correct answer The agreement to keep promises.
responsibility - correct answer A nurse is responsible for their actions and the actions of those
whom you delegate tasks.
Deontology - correct answer Define actions as right or wrong on the basis of their "right-making
characteristics" such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice. Deontology examines a
situation for the existence of essential right or wrong. For example, if you tried to make a
decision about the ethics of a controversial medical procedure. Looks to the presence of
principles regardless of outcome.
Utilitarianism (aka consequentialism) - correct answer A system of Ethics proposes that the
value of something is determined by its usefulness. Measures the effect that an act will have.
Feminist Ethics - correct answer Looks to the nature of relationships to guide participants in
making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or in which a point
of view has become ignored or invisible.
Ethics of Care - correct answer Strives to address issues beyond individual relationships by
raising ethical concerns about the structures within which individual caring occurs (hospitals or
universities).
ethical dilemma - correct answer 1. Ask the question, is this an ethical dilemma?
2. Gather information relevant to the case. Patient, family, institutional, and social perspectives
are important sources of relevant information.
3. Clarify values. Distinguish among fact, opinion, and values.
4. Verbalize the problem. A clear, simple statement of the dilemma is not always easy, but it
helps to ensure effectiveness in the final plan and facilitates discussion.
5. Identify possible courses of action.
,Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
6. Negotiate a plan. Negotiation requires a confidence in one's own point of view and a deep
respect for the opinions of others.
7. Evaluate the plan over time.
The patient for whom you are caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This patient has
been out of work for several months and doesn't have health insurance or even cash. Even
though several ethical principles are at work in this case, list the principles from the highest to
lowest priority. - correct answer 1. Justice: the greatest question in the situation is how to
determine the just distribution of resources.
2. Respect for autonomy: this patients autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver
transplant.
3. Ethics of care: the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for a liver
transplant.
4. Accountability: you asked the nurse are accountable for the well-being of this patient.
A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of
protection from disease, both for the individual and society, outweigh the temporary
discomforts. - correct answer Beneficence
A patient is administered to a medical unit. The patient is fearful of hospitals. The nurse
carefully assesses the patient to determine the exact fears and then establishes interventions
designed to reduce these fears. - correct answer Assessing the patient's point of view and
preparing to articulate it
The application of utilitarianism does not always resolve an ethical dilemma. - correct answer In
a diverse community it may be difficult to find agreement on a definition of useful, the force of
utilitarianism.
The ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can be best solved by attention to
relationships. - correct answer 1. Ethics of care pays attention to the environment in which
caring occurs.
2. Ethics of care pays attention to the stories of the people involved in the ethical issue.
3. Ethics of care focuses only on understanding relationships.
In most ethical dilemmas in healthcare, the solution to be the dilemma requires negotiation
among members of the healthcare team. - correct answer Nurse is developing a relationship
with in the patient that is unique amongst all professional healthcare providers
Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Relevance on a predictable series of
steps can help people in conflict find common ground. - correct answer 1. Gather all relevant
information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilema.
, Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
2. Take time to clarify values and distinguish between facts and opinions, your own and those
of others involved.
3. Agree on a statement of the problem and dilemma that you are trying to resolve.
4. List the actions that could be taken to resolve the dilemma.
5. Negotiate a plan.
6. Agree on a plan to evaluate the action overtime
The ANA code of nursing ethics articulates that the nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives
to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. This includes the protection of the
patient's privacy. On the basis of this principle, if you participate in a public online social
network such as Facebook, could you post images of a patient's x-ray film if you obscure or
delete all patient identifiers? - correct answer No, because, even though patient identifiers are
removed, someone could identify the patient on the basis of other comments that you make
online about his or her condition and your place of work.
Resolution of an ethical dilemma involves discussion with the patient, the patient's family, and
the participants from all health care disciplines. - correct answer To articulate the nurses
unique point of you, including knowledge based on clinical and psychosocial observations.
It can be difficult to agree on a common definition of the word quality when it comes to a
quality of life. Why? - correct answer 1.Community values influence definitions of quality, and
they are subject to change over time
2. Individuals experience influence perceptions of quality in different ways, making consensus
difficult.
3. The value of elements such as cognitive skills, ability to perform meaningful work, and
relationship to family is difficult to quantify using objective measurements.
4. Statistical analysis is difficult to apply when the outcome cannot be quantified.
Ethical principle to justify access to healthcare? - correct answer 1. Access to Health Care
reflects the commitment of society to principles of beneficence and justice
2. If low-income comprises access to care, respect for an autonomy is comprised
3. Poor access to a form portable healthcare causes harm that is ethically troubling because of
non maleficence is a basic principle of healthcare ethics.
Nursing practice Acts - correct answer Describes and defines the legal boundaries of nursing
practice within each state. Each state defines the scope of nursing practice and expanded
nursing roles, such as education requirements for nurses, and distinguishes between nursing
and medical practice.
GRADED A+
Genomes - correct answer study of all genes in a person and interactions of these genes with
one another and with that person's environment.
patient centered care - correct answer Recognize the patient or designee as the source of
control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for
patient's preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and Collaboration - correct answer Function effectively within nursing and inter-
professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-
making to achieve quality patient care.
evidence-based practice - correct answer integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise
and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care
Quality Improvement - correct answer Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and
use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and
safety of health care systems.
Safety - correct answer Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system
effectiveness in individual preference
Informatics - correct answer Use information and Technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, mitigate error and support decision making.
Managed Care Organization (MCO) - correct answer Provides comprehensive preventive and
treatment services to a specific group of voluntarily enrolled people. Structures include a
variety of models.
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) - correct answer Type of managed care plan that limits in
enrollees choice to a list of preferred Hospital, physicians, and providers. Pays more out-of-
pocket expenses for using a provider not on the list.
Medicare - correct answer Part A: provides basic protection for medical, Surgical, and
psychiatric care cost based on diagnosis-related groups also provides limited skilled Nursing
Facility Care, Hospice, and Home Care.
Part B: a voluntary medical insurance; covers physician, certain other specific Health
Professional Services, answer no patient services.
Part C: a Managed care provision that provides a choice of three insurance plans.
Part D: voluntary prescription drug Improvement.
private insurance - correct answer Traditional fee-for-service. Payment is computed after
patient receive services on basis of number of services used.
,Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
long-term care insurance - correct answer Supplemental insurance for coverage of LTC services.
Policies provide a set amount of dollars for an unlimited time or for as little as two years.
autonomy - correct answer freedom from external control. Respect for patient on Tom Mabe
refers to the commitment to include patients and decisions about all aspects of care.
Beneficence - correct answer Refers to taking positive actions to help others.
Nonmaleficence - correct answer avoidance of harm or hurt. A healthcare professional tries to
balance the risks and benefits of care while trying at the same time to do the least harm
possible. For example, harvesting bone marrow.
Justice - correct answer fairness. Most often used in discussions about access to healthcare
resources including the just distribution of scarce resources.
fidelity - correct answer The agreement to keep promises.
responsibility - correct answer A nurse is responsible for their actions and the actions of those
whom you delegate tasks.
Deontology - correct answer Define actions as right or wrong on the basis of their "right-making
characteristics" such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice. Deontology examines a
situation for the existence of essential right or wrong. For example, if you tried to make a
decision about the ethics of a controversial medical procedure. Looks to the presence of
principles regardless of outcome.
Utilitarianism (aka consequentialism) - correct answer A system of Ethics proposes that the
value of something is determined by its usefulness. Measures the effect that an act will have.
Feminist Ethics - correct answer Looks to the nature of relationships to guide participants in
making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or in which a point
of view has become ignored or invisible.
Ethics of Care - correct answer Strives to address issues beyond individual relationships by
raising ethical concerns about the structures within which individual caring occurs (hospitals or
universities).
ethical dilemma - correct answer 1. Ask the question, is this an ethical dilemma?
2. Gather information relevant to the case. Patient, family, institutional, and social perspectives
are important sources of relevant information.
3. Clarify values. Distinguish among fact, opinion, and values.
4. Verbalize the problem. A clear, simple statement of the dilemma is not always easy, but it
helps to ensure effectiveness in the final plan and facilitates discussion.
5. Identify possible courses of action.
,Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
6. Negotiate a plan. Negotiation requires a confidence in one's own point of view and a deep
respect for the opinions of others.
7. Evaluate the plan over time.
The patient for whom you are caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This patient has
been out of work for several months and doesn't have health insurance or even cash. Even
though several ethical principles are at work in this case, list the principles from the highest to
lowest priority. - correct answer 1. Justice: the greatest question in the situation is how to
determine the just distribution of resources.
2. Respect for autonomy: this patients autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver
transplant.
3. Ethics of care: the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for a liver
transplant.
4. Accountability: you asked the nurse are accountable for the well-being of this patient.
A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of
protection from disease, both for the individual and society, outweigh the temporary
discomforts. - correct answer Beneficence
A patient is administered to a medical unit. The patient is fearful of hospitals. The nurse
carefully assesses the patient to determine the exact fears and then establishes interventions
designed to reduce these fears. - correct answer Assessing the patient's point of view and
preparing to articulate it
The application of utilitarianism does not always resolve an ethical dilemma. - correct answer In
a diverse community it may be difficult to find agreement on a definition of useful, the force of
utilitarianism.
The ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can be best solved by attention to
relationships. - correct answer 1. Ethics of care pays attention to the environment in which
caring occurs.
2. Ethics of care pays attention to the stories of the people involved in the ethical issue.
3. Ethics of care focuses only on understanding relationships.
In most ethical dilemmas in healthcare, the solution to be the dilemma requires negotiation
among members of the healthcare team. - correct answer Nurse is developing a relationship
with in the patient that is unique amongst all professional healthcare providers
Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Relevance on a predictable series of
steps can help people in conflict find common ground. - correct answer 1. Gather all relevant
information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilema.
, Nursing 255 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY
GRADED A+
2. Take time to clarify values and distinguish between facts and opinions, your own and those
of others involved.
3. Agree on a statement of the problem and dilemma that you are trying to resolve.
4. List the actions that could be taken to resolve the dilemma.
5. Negotiate a plan.
6. Agree on a plan to evaluate the action overtime
The ANA code of nursing ethics articulates that the nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives
to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. This includes the protection of the
patient's privacy. On the basis of this principle, if you participate in a public online social
network such as Facebook, could you post images of a patient's x-ray film if you obscure or
delete all patient identifiers? - correct answer No, because, even though patient identifiers are
removed, someone could identify the patient on the basis of other comments that you make
online about his or her condition and your place of work.
Resolution of an ethical dilemma involves discussion with the patient, the patient's family, and
the participants from all health care disciplines. - correct answer To articulate the nurses
unique point of you, including knowledge based on clinical and psychosocial observations.
It can be difficult to agree on a common definition of the word quality when it comes to a
quality of life. Why? - correct answer 1.Community values influence definitions of quality, and
they are subject to change over time
2. Individuals experience influence perceptions of quality in different ways, making consensus
difficult.
3. The value of elements such as cognitive skills, ability to perform meaningful work, and
relationship to family is difficult to quantify using objective measurements.
4. Statistical analysis is difficult to apply when the outcome cannot be quantified.
Ethical principle to justify access to healthcare? - correct answer 1. Access to Health Care
reflects the commitment of society to principles of beneficence and justice
2. If low-income comprises access to care, respect for an autonomy is comprised
3. Poor access to a form portable healthcare causes harm that is ethically troubling because of
non maleficence is a basic principle of healthcare ethics.
Nursing practice Acts - correct answer Describes and defines the legal boundaries of nursing
practice within each state. Each state defines the scope of nursing practice and expanded
nursing roles, such as education requirements for nurses, and distinguishes between nursing
and medical practice.
