WJEC criminology unit 4-Questions with Verified
Answers| 100% Correct-
Ac1.1: processes of law making 4 MARKS
Note: judicial and parliamentary
1) Describe a parliamentary (government) law making
A law is made through parliament
- a bill is proposed by a mp, green paper is used
-first reading proposal of bill is announced to both the house of commons and House of Lords
- Second reading, the main debate of bill a unanimous vote is made for/against the bill
- comittee stage selected group of mps alter and amend the bill.
- Ping-pong stage, the new amended bill is announced to HC&HL amendments of the bill may
be added and amended
-third reading, and final vote the HC and HL Must agree if it becomes a law
- Finally royal asssent the moarch signs the bill as a formal approval of the bill, then becomes a
statute, white paper
1.2) Describe judicial (judges) involvement in law making
- Judicial precedents- based on case law the judges will apply the same outcome from a
established precedent to similar cases example; Donoghue V Stevenson
- statutory interpretation- judges interpret and apply the law to declare the meaning of the law;
literal rule- judges apply the law word for word
Golden - there are various meanings to a word the judge must apply the appropriate one
Mischief- judge must fill the gaps and errors in a law
,1.3 Assess the advantages of judicial statutory interpretation 4 MARKS
Pro- effective due to its -predictability and clarity- as judges use case law legal representatives
are able to know the likely outcome of the case based on case law and prepare the case
effectively for trial.
Pro- effective due to its fairness- Application of case law provides fair and equal treatment in
the justice system as same sentencing is used for similar cases.
Con-limitation due to rigidity- if a establish president is unjust and the same outcome will be
applied and similar cases unfair.
Con-limitation- difficulty in distinguishing outcomes of a case as judges may statutory interpret
the case different from the law.
Ac 1.2: Describe the relationships between agencies (7 MARKS)
NOTE: link at least 3/4 different agencies to the specific one mentioned in the Q
1.1) Describe the relationship of the police service with other agencies in the criminal justice
system
- Police and courts work with the courts to ensure criminals are in custody by enforcing the law.
Using PACE codes
- Police and cps advise the police on what evidence they need to gain a conviction.
-when arresting and detaining a offender the police will ask the cps to charge the offender
based on the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine
if it should go to trial.
- police and Hm prison service during trial the police will help assist the Hm prison service with
safely taking the defendant to trial. And may be advised to stand as expert witness depending
on the case.
- police and probation if the court issue a probation sentence and the defendant fails to meet
, the guidelines of there community order then the police will be advised by the probation officer
to arrest the suspect and take them to custody to await there next trial.
1.2) Describe the relationship of the Crown prosecution service with other agencies in the
criminal justice system
- Cps and police while independent work closely with the police service providing advice to the
police about what evidence needs to be collected in order to maintain a conviction.
- when arresting a suspect the police ask cps if they can charge the offender based on the
evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine if it should go
to trial using a full codes test (evidential and Interest of the public)
- cps and courts if the Cps deem the case worthy of going to court they then will prepare the
case and advocate as prosecution during trial they may ask expert witnesses including
probation,parole, Hm prison service etc if applicable to the case to stand on trial to help
influence the courts sentencing.
1.3) Describe the relationship of the Courts and tribunals with other agencies in the criminal
justice system
- courts and police make an arrest, PACE codes based on evidence. Depending on the offence
they will e trialled either at magistrates or crown court.
-Courts and cps will prosecute a case depending on the evidence provided reviewing and assess
the case using a full codes test (evidential and is it in the interest of protecting the public test)
The cps then prepare the case for the court where they advocate as prosecution for the victim
in trial.
- courts and HM prison service prison officers liaise the offender to court with the help of the
police to ensure safe arrival to trial. Arrangments for a video link will also be set up by the
prison if the defendant is unable to attend court. If the judge sentences the defendant to prison
then the Hm prison service will monitor the defendant for the remainder of their sentence.
Answers| 100% Correct-
Ac1.1: processes of law making 4 MARKS
Note: judicial and parliamentary
1) Describe a parliamentary (government) law making
A law is made through parliament
- a bill is proposed by a mp, green paper is used
-first reading proposal of bill is announced to both the house of commons and House of Lords
- Second reading, the main debate of bill a unanimous vote is made for/against the bill
- comittee stage selected group of mps alter and amend the bill.
- Ping-pong stage, the new amended bill is announced to HC&HL amendments of the bill may
be added and amended
-third reading, and final vote the HC and HL Must agree if it becomes a law
- Finally royal asssent the moarch signs the bill as a formal approval of the bill, then becomes a
statute, white paper
1.2) Describe judicial (judges) involvement in law making
- Judicial precedents- based on case law the judges will apply the same outcome from a
established precedent to similar cases example; Donoghue V Stevenson
- statutory interpretation- judges interpret and apply the law to declare the meaning of the law;
literal rule- judges apply the law word for word
Golden - there are various meanings to a word the judge must apply the appropriate one
Mischief- judge must fill the gaps and errors in a law
,1.3 Assess the advantages of judicial statutory interpretation 4 MARKS
Pro- effective due to its -predictability and clarity- as judges use case law legal representatives
are able to know the likely outcome of the case based on case law and prepare the case
effectively for trial.
Pro- effective due to its fairness- Application of case law provides fair and equal treatment in
the justice system as same sentencing is used for similar cases.
Con-limitation due to rigidity- if a establish president is unjust and the same outcome will be
applied and similar cases unfair.
Con-limitation- difficulty in distinguishing outcomes of a case as judges may statutory interpret
the case different from the law.
Ac 1.2: Describe the relationships between agencies (7 MARKS)
NOTE: link at least 3/4 different agencies to the specific one mentioned in the Q
1.1) Describe the relationship of the police service with other agencies in the criminal justice
system
- Police and courts work with the courts to ensure criminals are in custody by enforcing the law.
Using PACE codes
- Police and cps advise the police on what evidence they need to gain a conviction.
-when arresting and detaining a offender the police will ask the cps to charge the offender
based on the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine
if it should go to trial.
- police and Hm prison service during trial the police will help assist the Hm prison service with
safely taking the defendant to trial. And may be advised to stand as expert witness depending
on the case.
- police and probation if the court issue a probation sentence and the defendant fails to meet
, the guidelines of there community order then the police will be advised by the probation officer
to arrest the suspect and take them to custody to await there next trial.
1.2) Describe the relationship of the Crown prosecution service with other agencies in the
criminal justice system
- Cps and police while independent work closely with the police service providing advice to the
police about what evidence needs to be collected in order to maintain a conviction.
- when arresting a suspect the police ask cps if they can charge the offender based on the
evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine if it should go
to trial using a full codes test (evidential and Interest of the public)
- cps and courts if the Cps deem the case worthy of going to court they then will prepare the
case and advocate as prosecution during trial they may ask expert witnesses including
probation,parole, Hm prison service etc if applicable to the case to stand on trial to help
influence the courts sentencing.
1.3) Describe the relationship of the Courts and tribunals with other agencies in the criminal
justice system
- courts and police make an arrest, PACE codes based on evidence. Depending on the offence
they will e trialled either at magistrates or crown court.
-Courts and cps will prosecute a case depending on the evidence provided reviewing and assess
the case using a full codes test (evidential and is it in the interest of protecting the public test)
The cps then prepare the case for the court where they advocate as prosecution for the victim
in trial.
- courts and HM prison service prison officers liaise the offender to court with the help of the
police to ensure safe arrival to trial. Arrangments for a video link will also be set up by the
prison if the defendant is unable to attend court. If the judge sentences the defendant to prison
then the Hm prison service will monitor the defendant for the remainder of their sentence.
