Biochemistry
,CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BACTERIAL CELL
·
THE CELL CONTAINS OVER 1000 TYPES OF SMALL ORGANIC
MOLECULES
-
MOST Of THEM ARE CLASSIFIED In 4 MAIN FAMILIES
↑
THEY FORM MONOMERIC BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE
FORMATION OF MACROMOLECULES
MONOSACCHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES
FATTY ACIDS D LIPIDS
AMINO ACIDS ↳ PROTEINS
NUCLEOTIDES & POLYNUCLEOTIDES
I
, THEY HAVE DISTINCT FUNCTIONS :
-
SUGARS FATTY ACIDS ENERGY SOURCE
:
NUCLEOTIDES (ATP) ENERGY CARRIER
-
:
CARBONYL
MONOSACCHERIDES
O
H II
(lotizOs)
-
-
Glucose C FUNCTIONAL
·
-
FRUCTOSE OH
GROUPS
H - -
-
GALACTOSE
HO--H
H - -
Ot
·
HYDROPHILIC H - -
Of HYDROXYL
I
·
WATER SOLUBLE
CHzOH
-
Glucose
MONOSACCHARIDES RING FORMATION
·
SAND 6 CARBON SUGARS
THEY SPONTANEOUSLY FORM CYCLIC
·
E A
ALDOSES KETOSES FORMATIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
ALDEHYDE KETONf ·
THE TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
GROUP GROUP REACT TOGETHER
(ALDEHYDE OR KETO GROUP
H C
-
=
0 C =
0 WITH THE HYDROXYL GROUP)
CHzOH
IH
it
G
OH H C PYRANOSE
OH OH
H OH
, GLYCOSIDIC BOND
·
BETWEEN MONOSACCHARIDES TO FORM COMPLEX
CARBOHYDRATES
1. E .
GALACTOSE + GLUCOSE =
LACTOSE
CH2OH
CH2OH CH2ON CH2OH O
I
O O OH
HO O OH HO O
↑
Of
#
4
Ho OH
I OH
OH OH
-
OH OH OH
T
-
OH ON Cl of
GALACTOSE REACTS GLYCOSIDIC BOND
WITH THE-OH ON CY -
OXYGAN ACTS As A
of Glucose BRIDGE BETWEEN
MONOSACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
-
THEY ACT As ENERGY SOURCE
IN PLANTS
STARCH (AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECT IN
GLYCOGEN
IN ANIMALS
A STRAIGHT A STRAIGHT
LINE Of LNE WITH
MONOSACCHARIDES BRUNCHES
,CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BACTERIAL CELL
·
THE CELL CONTAINS OVER 1000 TYPES OF SMALL ORGANIC
MOLECULES
-
MOST Of THEM ARE CLASSIFIED In 4 MAIN FAMILIES
↑
THEY FORM MONOMERIC BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE
FORMATION OF MACROMOLECULES
MONOSACCHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES
FATTY ACIDS D LIPIDS
AMINO ACIDS ↳ PROTEINS
NUCLEOTIDES & POLYNUCLEOTIDES
I
, THEY HAVE DISTINCT FUNCTIONS :
-
SUGARS FATTY ACIDS ENERGY SOURCE
:
NUCLEOTIDES (ATP) ENERGY CARRIER
-
:
CARBONYL
MONOSACCHERIDES
O
H II
(lotizOs)
-
-
Glucose C FUNCTIONAL
·
-
FRUCTOSE OH
GROUPS
H - -
-
GALACTOSE
HO--H
H - -
Ot
·
HYDROPHILIC H - -
Of HYDROXYL
I
·
WATER SOLUBLE
CHzOH
-
Glucose
MONOSACCHARIDES RING FORMATION
·
SAND 6 CARBON SUGARS
THEY SPONTANEOUSLY FORM CYCLIC
·
E A
ALDOSES KETOSES FORMATIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
ALDEHYDE KETONf ·
THE TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
GROUP GROUP REACT TOGETHER
(ALDEHYDE OR KETO GROUP
H C
-
=
0 C =
0 WITH THE HYDROXYL GROUP)
CHzOH
IH
it
G
OH H C PYRANOSE
OH OH
H OH
, GLYCOSIDIC BOND
·
BETWEEN MONOSACCHARIDES TO FORM COMPLEX
CARBOHYDRATES
1. E .
GALACTOSE + GLUCOSE =
LACTOSE
CH2OH
CH2OH CH2ON CH2OH O
I
O O OH
HO O OH HO O
↑
Of
#
4
Ho OH
I OH
OH OH
-
OH OH OH
T
-
OH ON Cl of
GALACTOSE REACTS GLYCOSIDIC BOND
WITH THE-OH ON CY -
OXYGAN ACTS As A
of Glucose BRIDGE BETWEEN
MONOSACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
-
THEY ACT As ENERGY SOURCE
IN PLANTS
STARCH (AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECT IN
GLYCOGEN
IN ANIMALS
A STRAIGHT A STRAIGHT
LINE Of LNE WITH
MONOSACCHARIDES BRUNCHES
