NCE Exam Prep UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions And CORRECT Answers
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral Anal Phallic
Latency, Genital
Erikson's First Stage (Birth to 18 Months) - CORRECT ANSWER - Trust vs Mistrust
(Hope)
Erikson's Second Stage (1-3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (Will)
Erikson's Third Stage (3-6) - CORRECT ANSWER - Initiative vs Guilt (Purpose)
Erikson's Fourth Stage (7-11) - CORRECT ANSWER - Industry vs Inferiority
(Competence)
Erikson's Fifth Stage (12-18) - CORRECT ANSWER - Identity vs Role Confusion
(Fidelity)
Erikson's Sixth Stage (19-29) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intimacy vs Isolation (Love)
Erikson's Seventh Stage (30-64) - CORRECT ANSWER - Generativity vs Stagnation
(Care)
Erikson's Eighth Stage (65-Death) - CORRECT ANSWER - Integrity vs Despair
(Wisdom)
Ego Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - Believes in man's power to reason and control
behavior
,Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - the science of behavior that focuses on observable
behavior only; man is slave to his impulses
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER - The most influential developmental theorist of all
time and a student of Freud. Only theorist to create a developmental theory that covers the entire
lifespan (Freud's ended at 12)
Epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - The theory that physical and behavioral
characteristics arise from an interaction between genetic and environmental influences, rather
than one over the other. The middle ground of the nature vs nurture debate.
Jay Haley - CORRECT ANSWER - His work includes strategic and problem solving
therapy; often uses paradox.
Arnold Lazarus - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneer in behavior therapy movement,
especially in systematic desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy.
William G. Perry - CORRECT ANSWER - Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive
development; especially regarding college students and stresses the concept of dualistic thinking
(black and white thinking)
Robert Kegan - CORRECT ANSWER - Developed constructive developmental theory
(CDT) and defined five stages of mental complexity (orders of mind): Impulsive Mind,
Instrumental Mind, Socialized Mind, Self-Authoring Mind, and Self-Transforming Mind. Uses
an underlying structure of meaning-making based on objects and what we are subject to.
Piaget's Stages of Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Idiographic Approach vs Nomothetic Approach - CORRECT ANSWER - IA examines
individuals in depth while NA examines large groups of people to generalize to the population
,Criticism of Piaget's Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - His findings were often built on
observations of only his own children
Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWER - Created first intelligence test for Parisian school
children
Conservation (according to Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance's characteristics
can stay the same even if the shape changes. Mastered around 7-11, during concrete ops
Symbolic Schema - CORRECT ANSWER - A schema is a system where the child tests out
things in the physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate
as a steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel") This
occurs in the Preoperational Stage.
Lawrence Kohlberg - CORRECT ANSWER - Expanded on Piaget's concept of moral
development. Used stories to determine a child's level of moral development.
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWER - child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research
John B. Watson - CORRECT ANSWER - Father of behaviorism and coined the term in
1912
Reversibility (according to Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWER - The principle that actions,
once done, can be undone. For example, a glass of water poured into a differently shaped glass
can regain its shape. Mastered in concrete ops.
Egocentrism (Piaget's Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - A child's inability to see the world
from any viewpoint other than his own. Present in the preoperational stage.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-conventional,
conventional, post-conventional
, The Heinz Dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER - A woman is dying and needs an expensive
medication. Husband cannot afford the medication, should he steal it or should she die? Used by
Kohlberg to evaluate one's level of moral development
Identity Crisis (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER - state of emotional turmoil that arises
when and adolescent's sense of self becomes 'unglued' to achieve a new, more mature sense of
self; the stage also involves more identification with peers
RS Involvement - CORRECT ANSWER - 'Religious and spiritual'
Positive Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - the scientific study of optimal human
functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and
communities to thrive. Coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by Martin Seligman.
Preconventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - first level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the
behavior. Ages 3-7. (1) Reward/Punishment Motivated and (2) Self-Interest
Conventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - second level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's
norms of behavior. Ages 8-13. (1) Pleasing Others and (2) Law and Order
Postconventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - third level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have
been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms.
Adulthood. (1) Social Contract and (2) Principle.
Harry Stack Sullivan - CORRECT ANSWER - interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork
for enmeshed relationships, developed the Self-System, a configuration of personality traits
Exam Questions And CORRECT Answers
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Oral Anal Phallic
Latency, Genital
Erikson's First Stage (Birth to 18 Months) - CORRECT ANSWER - Trust vs Mistrust
(Hope)
Erikson's Second Stage (1-3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (Will)
Erikson's Third Stage (3-6) - CORRECT ANSWER - Initiative vs Guilt (Purpose)
Erikson's Fourth Stage (7-11) - CORRECT ANSWER - Industry vs Inferiority
(Competence)
Erikson's Fifth Stage (12-18) - CORRECT ANSWER - Identity vs Role Confusion
(Fidelity)
Erikson's Sixth Stage (19-29) - CORRECT ANSWER - Intimacy vs Isolation (Love)
Erikson's Seventh Stage (30-64) - CORRECT ANSWER - Generativity vs Stagnation
(Care)
Erikson's Eighth Stage (65-Death) - CORRECT ANSWER - Integrity vs Despair
(Wisdom)
Ego Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - Believes in man's power to reason and control
behavior
,Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - the science of behavior that focuses on observable
behavior only; man is slave to his impulses
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER - The most influential developmental theorist of all
time and a student of Freud. Only theorist to create a developmental theory that covers the entire
lifespan (Freud's ended at 12)
Epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - The theory that physical and behavioral
characteristics arise from an interaction between genetic and environmental influences, rather
than one over the other. The middle ground of the nature vs nurture debate.
Jay Haley - CORRECT ANSWER - His work includes strategic and problem solving
therapy; often uses paradox.
Arnold Lazarus - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneer in behavior therapy movement,
especially in systematic desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy.
William G. Perry - CORRECT ANSWER - Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive
development; especially regarding college students and stresses the concept of dualistic thinking
(black and white thinking)
Robert Kegan - CORRECT ANSWER - Developed constructive developmental theory
(CDT) and defined five stages of mental complexity (orders of mind): Impulsive Mind,
Instrumental Mind, Socialized Mind, Self-Authoring Mind, and Self-Transforming Mind. Uses
an underlying structure of meaning-making based on objects and what we are subject to.
Piaget's Stages of Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Idiographic Approach vs Nomothetic Approach - CORRECT ANSWER - IA examines
individuals in depth while NA examines large groups of people to generalize to the population
,Criticism of Piaget's Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - His findings were often built on
observations of only his own children
Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWER - Created first intelligence test for Parisian school
children
Conservation (according to Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance's characteristics
can stay the same even if the shape changes. Mastered around 7-11, during concrete ops
Symbolic Schema - CORRECT ANSWER - A schema is a system where the child tests out
things in the physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate
as a steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel") This
occurs in the Preoperational Stage.
Lawrence Kohlberg - CORRECT ANSWER - Expanded on Piaget's concept of moral
development. Used stories to determine a child's level of moral development.
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWER - child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research
John B. Watson - CORRECT ANSWER - Father of behaviorism and coined the term in
1912
Reversibility (according to Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWER - The principle that actions,
once done, can be undone. For example, a glass of water poured into a differently shaped glass
can regain its shape. Mastered in concrete ops.
Egocentrism (Piaget's Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - A child's inability to see the world
from any viewpoint other than his own. Present in the preoperational stage.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-conventional,
conventional, post-conventional
, The Heinz Dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER - A woman is dying and needs an expensive
medication. Husband cannot afford the medication, should he steal it or should she die? Used by
Kohlberg to evaluate one's level of moral development
Identity Crisis (Erikson) - CORRECT ANSWER - state of emotional turmoil that arises
when and adolescent's sense of self becomes 'unglued' to achieve a new, more mature sense of
self; the stage also involves more identification with peers
RS Involvement - CORRECT ANSWER - 'Religious and spiritual'
Positive Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - the scientific study of optimal human
functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and
communities to thrive. Coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by Martin Seligman.
Preconventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - first level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the
behavior. Ages 3-7. (1) Reward/Punishment Motivated and (2) Self-Interest
Conventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - second level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's
norms of behavior. Ages 8-13. (1) Pleasing Others and (2) Law and Order
Postconventional Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - third level of Kohlberg's stages of
moral development in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have
been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms.
Adulthood. (1) Social Contract and (2) Principle.
Harry Stack Sullivan - CORRECT ANSWER - interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork
for enmeshed relationships, developed the Self-System, a configuration of personality traits
