HESI Urinary Tract Infection
Which statements are true about gastroenteritis? - Answer- -Young children and older adults are
more susceptible to dehydration from gastroenteritis.
(The intestinal walls become inflamed. The viral form is the second most common illness in the
U.S.The norovirus is the main cause or viral gastroenteritis.)
-Most people can recover on their own at home.
(Most people can recover on their own. They need to let the condition run its course. Young
children, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised are at greater risk for requiring
medical intervention)
The healthcare provider (HCP) recommends a bland diet. Which foods are included on a bland
diet? - Answer- -Toasted white bread.
-Cooked white rice.
Current best practice recommendations are to reintroduce a regular, bland diet that is easily
digested and supplies the necessary protein and energy. Avoid fruit juices, carbonated drinks, and
gelatin, which are high in sugar.
The nurse conducts an admission interview with the mother. What additional questions should the
nurse ask the mother? - Answer- -Are her daughter's immunizations up to date?
-Has the client been exposed to anyone else who has been sick?
(It is important to establish if the client has been exposed to anyone else who has been sick
because gastroenteritis can be transmitted by an infected person)
-Does the client attend daycare?
(It is important to determine the possibility of increased risk of exposure to other individuals)
-Where did the family travel for their vacation?
(It is important to establish whether the client and her mother traveled to an area that would be
considered "high risk" exposure for certain illnesses)
What would be appropriate nursing diagnoses for this client? - Answer- -Alteration in hydration
status related to history of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea over the last 48 hours.
-Parental anxiety related to change in child's health, as evidenced by appearing anxious and
questioning why her daughter is not better.
-At risk for alteration in skin integrity related to increase frequency of stools and diaper use.
These relate to the clients current health status, so it is considered an appropriate nursing
diagnosis)
Based on Yon's history, physical exam, and presenting signs and symptoms, which diagnostic
tests would the nurse anticipates the HCP to prescribe? - Answer- -CBC with differential.
(The CBC with differential reveals anemia, hydration status, and the presence of infection caused
by a virus, bacteria, or parasite)
, -Basic metabolic panel.
(Because of the episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, this test indicates abnormal electrolytes that
might require intervention)
-Stool culture
(A stool culture determines if the gastroenteritis is caused by a parasite, virus, bacteria, or ova.
Other stool specimens can be collected for undigested sugar, fat, pus, or blood)
Which action does the nurse take to obtain a urine sample in a toddler? - Answer- Place a clear
plastic, self-adhering bag (urine bag) to the genitalia area.
(These bags are used for infants and toddlers who are not toilet trained)
Which technique is appropriate to use to draw a blood sample in a toddler? - Answer- Have the
toddler sit in the parent's lap while the parent hugs the child.
(To reassure and comfort the child, the parent or UAP should have the child sit on the parent's or
UAP's lap)
Which steps ensure the integrity of the lab specimen and results? - Answer- -Verify the specimen
labels with the client's identification bracelet.
-Verify the accuracy of the client's information with the parent before the specimen is collected.
Verifying the accuracy of the information on the specimen and the client's bracelet is extremely
important to ensure the safety and proper delivery of care to the client
For which purpose does the HCP prescribe an additional urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)? -
Answer- If antibiotics are needed, the sensitivities are available.
(The purpose of sensitivities is to determine whether a specific organism is resistant or sensitive to
to a specific medication)
Which statements are true about urine culture and sensitivity tests? - Answer- -Isolation of
organisms takes at least 48 hours to be identified.
(A preliminary result can be given within 24 hours, but it requires at least 48 hours to isolate
organisms)
-A urine sample collected upon rising in the morning yields the most organisms' concentration.
(Urine specimens collected in the early morning, ideally the first void of the day, yield the highest
concentration of microorganisms)
Based on the dipstick results and the presenting symptoms, which diagnosis does the nurse
anticipate? - Answer- UTI
(Based of the presence of protein and nitrates, odor and color of the urine, along with the history of
fever, the nurse anticipates the HCP to diagnose the client with a UTI)
Which lab values from the urinalysis are indicative of a urinary tract infection? - Answer- -Bacteria
(There should be no bacteria present)
-Leukocyte
(Presence of leukocytes or nitrates is a product of the WBC's and is usually indicative of a UTI)
-WBC
Which statements are true about gastroenteritis? - Answer- -Young children and older adults are
more susceptible to dehydration from gastroenteritis.
(The intestinal walls become inflamed. The viral form is the second most common illness in the
U.S.The norovirus is the main cause or viral gastroenteritis.)
-Most people can recover on their own at home.
(Most people can recover on their own. They need to let the condition run its course. Young
children, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised are at greater risk for requiring
medical intervention)
The healthcare provider (HCP) recommends a bland diet. Which foods are included on a bland
diet? - Answer- -Toasted white bread.
-Cooked white rice.
Current best practice recommendations are to reintroduce a regular, bland diet that is easily
digested and supplies the necessary protein and energy. Avoid fruit juices, carbonated drinks, and
gelatin, which are high in sugar.
The nurse conducts an admission interview with the mother. What additional questions should the
nurse ask the mother? - Answer- -Are her daughter's immunizations up to date?
-Has the client been exposed to anyone else who has been sick?
(It is important to establish if the client has been exposed to anyone else who has been sick
because gastroenteritis can be transmitted by an infected person)
-Does the client attend daycare?
(It is important to determine the possibility of increased risk of exposure to other individuals)
-Where did the family travel for their vacation?
(It is important to establish whether the client and her mother traveled to an area that would be
considered "high risk" exposure for certain illnesses)
What would be appropriate nursing diagnoses for this client? - Answer- -Alteration in hydration
status related to history of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea over the last 48 hours.
-Parental anxiety related to change in child's health, as evidenced by appearing anxious and
questioning why her daughter is not better.
-At risk for alteration in skin integrity related to increase frequency of stools and diaper use.
These relate to the clients current health status, so it is considered an appropriate nursing
diagnosis)
Based on Yon's history, physical exam, and presenting signs and symptoms, which diagnostic
tests would the nurse anticipates the HCP to prescribe? - Answer- -CBC with differential.
(The CBC with differential reveals anemia, hydration status, and the presence of infection caused
by a virus, bacteria, or parasite)
, -Basic metabolic panel.
(Because of the episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, this test indicates abnormal electrolytes that
might require intervention)
-Stool culture
(A stool culture determines if the gastroenteritis is caused by a parasite, virus, bacteria, or ova.
Other stool specimens can be collected for undigested sugar, fat, pus, or blood)
Which action does the nurse take to obtain a urine sample in a toddler? - Answer- Place a clear
plastic, self-adhering bag (urine bag) to the genitalia area.
(These bags are used for infants and toddlers who are not toilet trained)
Which technique is appropriate to use to draw a blood sample in a toddler? - Answer- Have the
toddler sit in the parent's lap while the parent hugs the child.
(To reassure and comfort the child, the parent or UAP should have the child sit on the parent's or
UAP's lap)
Which steps ensure the integrity of the lab specimen and results? - Answer- -Verify the specimen
labels with the client's identification bracelet.
-Verify the accuracy of the client's information with the parent before the specimen is collected.
Verifying the accuracy of the information on the specimen and the client's bracelet is extremely
important to ensure the safety and proper delivery of care to the client
For which purpose does the HCP prescribe an additional urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)? -
Answer- If antibiotics are needed, the sensitivities are available.
(The purpose of sensitivities is to determine whether a specific organism is resistant or sensitive to
to a specific medication)
Which statements are true about urine culture and sensitivity tests? - Answer- -Isolation of
organisms takes at least 48 hours to be identified.
(A preliminary result can be given within 24 hours, but it requires at least 48 hours to isolate
organisms)
-A urine sample collected upon rising in the morning yields the most organisms' concentration.
(Urine specimens collected in the early morning, ideally the first void of the day, yield the highest
concentration of microorganisms)
Based on the dipstick results and the presenting symptoms, which diagnosis does the nurse
anticipate? - Answer- UTI
(Based of the presence of protein and nitrates, odor and color of the urine, along with the history of
fever, the nurse anticipates the HCP to diagnose the client with a UTI)
Which lab values from the urinalysis are indicative of a urinary tract infection? - Answer- -Bacteria
(There should be no bacteria present)
-Leukocyte
(Presence of leukocytes or nitrates is a product of the WBC's and is usually indicative of a UTI)
-WBC
